Epidemiological evaluation of oral polio vaccine efficacy in Delhi

Singh, Jagvir; Kumar, Kaushal; Bora, D; Chawla, Uma; Bilochi, N. C.; Sharma, R. S.; Kapur, Milan; Kumar, Suresh; Aggarwal, Bindu; Dhaon, J. K.; Dutta, Kaustav

doi:10.1007/bf02821797

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Similar to HPV vaccine development, the poliovirus vaccine was also improved in a stepwise manner with the increasing valency of new iterations ( 64 , 65 ). Another similarity is that there is strong evidence to support the safety and efficacy of both the HPV ( 12 , 13 , 20 , 28 ) and poliovirus vaccines ( 66 – 75 ), even though the extent to which herd immunity is responsible for their efficacy can still be debated. These resemblances, as well as the data and programs reviewed herein, offer hope that HPV vaccination programs achieve the same degree of success as polio vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Disparities in the Immunoprevention of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Associated Malignancies

Bakir

Skarzynski

2015

Front. Public Health

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes roughly 1.6% of the plus 1.6 million cases of cancer that are diagnosed in the United States each year. Despite the proven safety and efficacy of available vaccines, HPV remains the most common sexually transmitted infection. Underlying the high prevalence of HPV infection is the poor adherence to the Centers for Disease Control recommendation to vaccinate all 11- to 12-year-old males and females. In fact, only about 38 and 14% of eligible females and males, respectively, receive the complete, three-dose immunization. The many factors associated with missed HPV vaccination opportunities – including race, age, family income, and patient education – contribute to widespread disparities in vaccine completion and related health outcomes. Beyond patient circumstance, however, research indicates that the rigor and consistency of recommendation by primary care providers also plays a significant role in uptake of HPV immunization. Health disparities data are of vital importance to HPV vaccination campaigns because they can provide insight into how to address current problems and allocate limited resources where they are most needed. Furthermore, even modest gains in populations with low vaccination rates may yield great benefits because HPV immunization has been shown to provide herd immunity, indirect protection for non-immunized individuals achieved by limiting the spread of an infectious agent through a population. However, the impact of current HPV vaccination campaigns is hindered by stagnant immunization rates, which remain far below target levels despite a slow overall increase. Furthermore, gains in immunization are not equally distributed across gender, age, demographic, and socioeconomic divisions within the recommended group of vaccine recipients. To achieve the greatest impact, public health campaigns should focus on improving immunization coverage where it is weakest. They should also explore more subtle but potentially significant determinants of HPV vaccine initiation and completion, such as the attitudes of parents and healthcare providers and factors that exacerbate HPV-related health outcomes, including smoking and human immunodeficiency virus-mediated immunosuppression. Optimizing the efficacy of vaccination campaigns will require a health disparities approach that both identifies and remedies the underlying causes of population differences in HPV vaccination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Disparities in the Immunoprevention of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Associated Malignancies

Bakir

Skarzynski

2015

Front. Public Health

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Effect of passively transferred anti-poliovirus antibodies on seroconversion

Sb¹,

Naik²,

Nadkarni³

et al. 1999

Indian J Pediatr

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A prospective study enrolling 50 mother-infant pairs was undertaken to determine the effect of maternal antibodies on poliovirus antibody titres and seroconversion rates in infants and to determine the difference in titres and seroconversion rates following three and five doses of oral poliovaccine (OPV). Cord blood samples and samples collected 4 weeks after 3rd and 5th doses of trivalent oral poliovaccine were processed for estimation of anti-poliovirus antibody titres. These were expressed as geometric mean titres (GMT). Significance was analyzed using unpaired 't' test. The relationship between maternal antibody titres and seroconversion was determined by correlation coefficient test. Post OPV5 titres were significantly higher than post OPV3 titres for type 1 and type 2 polioviruses. Seroconversion rates against type 1, 2 and 3 polioviruses were 92.9%, 100.0% and 92.9% following OPV3 and 100.0%, 100.0% and 93.2% following OPV5. The cord blood titres did not have any relation to post-OPV3 or post-OPV5 titres. Although there is significant passive transfer of poliovirus antibodies across the placenta, this does not affect titres achieved after immunization. Post-OPV5 titres against type 1 and type 2 viruses are significantly higher than post-OPV3 titres. The seroconversion rates following OPV5 are higher than those obtained post-OPV3 but this difference is not statistically significant.

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Immune Prophylaxis and Vaccinations

Fletcher¹,

Plotkin²

2002

Practical Guidelines in Antiviral Therapy

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Epidemiological evaluation of oral polio vaccine efficacy in Delhi

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Health Disparities in the Immunoprevention of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Associated Malignancies

Health Disparities in the Immunoprevention of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Associated Malignancies

Effect of passively transferred anti-poliovirus antibodies on seroconversion

Immune Prophylaxis and Vaccinations

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