Epidemiological data of cryptococcosis in Austria, Germany and Switzerland: part of the ECMM survey in Europe

Tintelnot, Kathrin; Schär, G.; Polak, Annemarie

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0507.2001.00686.x

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These findings are promising in the search for new options against infections caused by Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp., particularly with the continuous increase of opportunistic fungal resistance to available treatments, the emergence of rare species of Candida [55], and the increasing number of infections by Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii [56]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial, Antinociceptive, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Two Chemotypes ofPimenta pseudocaryophyllus(Myrtaceae)

Paula

Silva

Costa

et al. 2012

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Preparations from Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L.R. Landrum (Myrtaceae) have been widely used in Brazilian folk medicine. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the crude ethanol extracts, fractions, semipurified substances, and essential oils obtained from leaves of two chemotypes of P. pseudocaryophyllus and to perform the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory screening. The ethanol extracts were purified by column chromatography and main compounds were spectrally characterised (1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR). The essential oils constituents were identified by GC/MS. The broth microdilution method was used for testing the antimicrobial activity. The abdominal contortions induced by acetic acid and the ear oedema induced by croton oil were used for screening of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively. The phytochemical analysis resulted in the isolation of pentacyclic triterpenes, flavonoids, and phenol acids. The oleanolic acid showed the best profile of antibacterial activity for Gram-positive bacteria (31.2–125 μg mL−1), followed by the essential oil of the citral chemotype (62.5–250 μg mL−1). Among the semipurified substances, Ppm5, which contained gallic acid, was the most active for Candida spp. (31.2 μg mL−1) and Cryptococcus spp. (3.9–15.6 μg mL−1). The crude ethanol extract and fractions from citral chemotype showed antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial, Antinociceptive, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Two Chemotypes ofPimenta pseudocaryophyllus(Myrtaceae)

Paula

Silva

Costa

et al. 2012

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…This new classification is based on the observation that considerable phylogenetic divergence can be inferred in DNA sequence comparisons and in RFLP clustering [1,2,54]. The proposal, however, ignores the intermediate serotype AD [21,22]. As Lengeler et al [3] and Chaturvedi [55] have reported, the diploid or aneuploid AD strains are a result of mating between serotype A and serotype D, that is, between C. n. var.…”

Section: N Var Neoformansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…gattii isolates were identified as two representatives of VGIII and one of VGIV. Additional epidemiological data have been collected as a part of the ECMM survey [21].…”

Section: N Var Neoformansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular typing ofCryptococcus neoformansby PCR fingerprinting, in comparison with serotyping and Fourier transform infrared-spectroscopy-based phenotyping

et al. 2004

Self Cite

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Molecular typing by PCR fingerprinting using the single primer (GACA)4 was performed with 110 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans. Seventy clinical isolates of C. neoformans var. neoformans from Germany (n = 52) and Africa (n = 18) were included. Of these, serotype A (C. neoformans var. grubii) accounted for 47 isolates, serotype D for 12 and serotype AD for 11. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was evaluated for its discriminatory power in phenotyping. Molecular types, defined by different PCR fingerprinting patterns, were compared to serotypes, and both sets of results were compared with the results of analysis by FT-IR spectroscopy. PCR fingerprinting revealed genotypic diversity within each serotype; it showed three different genotypes (designated VNA1-VNA3) within serotype A, two within serotype D (VND1 and VND2), and three within serotype AD (VNAD1-VNAD3). The nomenclature of molecular types within C. n. var. neoformans, as seen in publications to date, is not uniform. In this study, the name assigned to each genotype was based on the 98.6% concordance of genotypes with serotypes, a correspondence that facilitates interlaboratory comparison. This nomenclature is tentatively recommended as a standard. FT-IR spectroscopy combined with hierarchical cluster analysis successfully distinguished C n. var. neoformans from C. n. var. gattii. For C. n. var. neoformans, FT-IR confirmed three distinct genotypes within serotype A and was able to distinguish isolates derived from particular patients as well as isolates differing at the sub-genotype level. Within C. n. var. gattii, the serotypes B and C did not correlate with the four genotypes VGI-VGIV. However, these serotypes could clearly be separated by FT-IR spectroscopy. The molecular profiles were reproducible, and were more stable and more discriminating than serotyping. In connection with a standardized nomenclature, PCR fingerprinting can be a beneficial tool for global epidemiological studies. FT-IR spectroscopy adds an additional level of resolution.

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“…neoformans is described scarcely, except in some European countries and the United States. 2,[5][6][7][8] Due to the significant differences in the biochemistry and genetics of the variety gattii, 9 the yeast is now reclassified as a separate species, Cryptococcus gattii. 10 Cryptococcus gattii is restricted to tropical and subtropical regions and tends to infect immunocompetent hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of cryptococcosis in Malaysia

Tay

Rohani

Hoo

et al. 2009

Mycoses

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This study describes the isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii from patients with chronic meningitis who were admitted to 16 Malaysian hospitals, from 2003 to 2004. Of the 96 cryptococcal cases reported over the 2-year period, 74 (77.1%) patients were male and 45 (46.9%) patients were between 30 and 39 years old. Cryptococcosis was uncommon in children. A total of 57 (59.4%) and 23 (24.0%) patients were Malay and Chinese respectively. Human immunodeficiency virus infection was the major underlying disease reported in 36 (37.5%) patients. C. neoformans var. grubii (serotype A and molecular type VNI) was the predominant Cryptococcus species isolated from 88.5% of cryptococcal cases in this country. Cryptococcal cases due to C. neoformans var. grubii were reported from all the five regions in Malaysia, with the most number of cases reported from the central and northern regions. Cryptococcus gattii (all were serotype B and molecular types VGI/II) was isolated from all regions except the southern region. Compared with a study conducted prior to the AIDS era, our findings show substantial changes in the demographical characteristics of patients.

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Epidemiological data of cryptococcosis in Austria, Germany and Switzerland: part of the ECMM survey in Europe

Abstract: The data raised for Cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcosis in Austria, Germany and Switzerland during the period from July 1997 to December 1999 are presented and analysed according to the epidemiological criteria. This is part of the ECMM survey in Europe.

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial, Antinociceptive, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Two Chemotypes ofPimenta pseudocaryophyllus(Myrtaceae)

Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial, Antinociceptive, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Two Chemotypes ofPimenta pseudocaryophyllus(Myrtaceae)

Molecular typing ofCryptococcus neoformansby PCR fingerprinting, in comparison with serotyping and Fourier transform infrared-spectroscopy-based phenotyping

Epidemiology of cryptococcosis in Malaysia

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