Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection: a systematic review – CORRIGENDUM

Fontoura, Iolanda Graepp; Barbosa, David Soeiro; Paes, Antonio Marcus de Andrade; Santos, Floriacy Stabnow; Neto, Marcelino Santos; Fontoura, Volmar Morais; Costa, Jackson Maurício Lopes; Silva, Ana Lúcia Abreu

doi:10.1017/s0031182018001166

Cited by 6 publications

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“…Özellikle tüberküloz, HIV, hepatit, influenza ve sıtma hastalıklarının teşhis ve tedavi süreçlerinde aksaklıklar yaşandığı tüm dünyada görülmüştür. (3,13) DSÖ, HIV enfeksiyonu ile VL'nin coğrafi olarak örtüştüğünü ve 35 ülkede yüksek ölüm oranlarıyla sonuçlanması nedeniyle önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olduğunu belirtmektedir (7) . HIV ile yaşayan bireylerde layşmaniyazis ile koenfeksiyona ilişkin çalışmalar çoğunlukla gelir düzeyinin düşük, yaşam koşullarının kötü ve HIV bakım ve tedavi hizmetlerinin yetersiz olduğu Afrika ülkelerinde yapılmıştır.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Leishmania: Attention to the Increasing Number of Patients! Can It Be an Epidemic?

et al. 2022

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Leishmania spp., dişi tatarcıklar (Phlebotomus) ile insanlara bulaşan zorunlu hücre içi parazitleridir. Kutanöz layşmanyazis (KL) ve visseral layşmanyazis (VL) olmak üzere iki ana klinik formu bulunmaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından ihmal edilen tropikal hastalıklardan biri olan layşmanyazisin her iki formu da ülkemizde endemiktir. Ancak ülkemizdeki son vaka sayıları bilinmemektedir. Vakaların sporadik olarak görüldüğü bir bölgede bulunan kliniğimizde Ocak-Mart 2021 tarihleri arasında üç visseral layşmanyazis, iki kutanöz layşmanyazis tanısı konmuştur. Bildirimi yapılan vaka sayıları ile karşılaştırıldığında artan vaka sayıları dikkat çekmiştir. Vakaların bir kısmı dış merkezde tetkik edilmiş olup layşmanyazis açısından tetkik edilmedikleri görülmüştür. Bu yazıda amaç; ülkemizin layşmanyazis açısından endemik bir bölge olduğunu vurgulamak ve nedeni bilinmeyen ateş olgularında ve uzun süreli lezyonlarda layşmanyazis ayırıcı tanısının da düşünülmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Leishmania: Attention to the Increasing Number of Patients! Can It Be an Epidemic?

et al. 2022

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“…This ongoing humoral response most likely reflects chronic antigen exposure, emphasizing the concept that Leishmania infection is lifelong in most patients, as well as murine models of disease [43–45]. A wealth of studies worldwide [14,42,61–64] and a recent systematic review [56] have demonstrated a high frequency of relapse of VL in PWH, as well as increased mortality. Relapse of VL have been reported after anti-leishmaniasis treatment, even years after the patient was considered clinically cured, especially in PWH and/or immunosuppressive conditions [13, 51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We found a high seroprevalence of L. infantum in treatment-naïve PWH in Bahia (Brazil) associated with a more intensified state of immune activation as compared to HIV-1 monoinfected subjects, possibly exacerbating progression to AIDS, which was observed in 66.67% in co-infected individuals at diagnosis. Moreover, Leishmania -infected PWH are at high risk of developing severe visceral leishmaniasis [56]. These findings underscore the urgent need to increase awareness and define public health strategies for the management and prevention of HIV-1 and L. infantum co-infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum is linked to immune activation in people with HIV: a two-stage cross-sectional study in Bahia, Brazil

Moraes

Santos

Arruda

et al. 2021

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Background: Visceral leishmaniasis is an opportunistic disease in HIV-1 infected individuals, although not yet recognized as a determining factor for AIDS diagnosis. The growing geographical overlap of HIV-1 and Leishmania infections is an emerging challenge worldwide, as co-infection increases morbidity and mortality for both. Here, we determined the prevalence of people living with HIV (PWH) with a previous or ongoing infection by Leishmania infantum in Bahia, Brazil and investigated the virological and immunological factors associated with co-infection. Methodology and Principal Findings: We adopted a two-stage cross-sectional cohort (CSC) design (CSC-I, n=5,346 and CSC-II, n=317) of treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals in Bahia, Brazil. In CSC-I, samples collected at the time of HIV-1 diagnosis between 1998 and 2013 were used for serological screening for leishmaniasis by an in-house immunoassay (ELISA) with SLA (Soluble Leishmania Antigen), resulting in a prevalence of previous or ongoing infection of 16.27%. Next, 317 PWH were prospectively recruited from July 2014 to December 2015 with collection of sociodemographic and clinical data. Serological validation by two different immunoassays confirmed a prevalence of 15.46% and 8.20% by anti-SLA, and anti-HSP70 serology, respectively, whereas 4.73% were double-positive (DP). Stratification of these 317 individuals in DP and double-negative (DN) revealed a significant reduction of CD4+ counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratios and a tendency of increased viral load in the DP group, as compared to DN. No statistical differences in HIV-1 subtype distribution were observed between the two groups. However, we found a significant increase of CXCL10/IP-10 (p=0.0076) and a tendency of increased CXCL9/MIG (p =0.061) in individuals with DP serology for L. infantum, demonstrating intensified immune activation in this group. These findings were corroborated at the transcriptome level in independent Leishmania- and HIV-1-infected cohorts (Swiss HIV Cohort and Piaui Northeast Brazil Cohort), indicating that CXCL10 transcripts are shared by the IFN-dominated immune activation gene signatures of both pathogens and positively correlated to viral load in untreated PWH. Conclusions/Significance: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of PWH with L. infantum seropositivity in Bahia, Brazil, linked to IFN-mediated immune activation and a significant decrease in CD4+ levels. Our results highlight the urgent need to increase awareness and define public health strategies for the management and prevention of HIV-1 and L. infantum co-infection.

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“…Concerning the type of entry, 96% were new cases and 4% were recurrence. The mortality rates are often higher in immunocompromised individuals and in recurrences (Gomes et al ., 2012; Fontoura et al ., 2018 b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological aspects and spatial patterns of human visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil

et al. 2020

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Human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) cases are important public health problems due to their zoonotic aspect, with high rates of morbidity and mortality in Brazil. The aim of this this study was to identify spatial patterns in both rates of HVL cases in Brazilian states during the period from 2006 to 2015. This is an ecological study, using geoprocessing tools to create choropleth maps, based on secondary data from open access platforms, to identify priority areas for control actions of the disease. Data were collected in 2017 and analysed according to the global and local Moran's I, using TerraView 4.2.2 software. Similar clusters were observed in neighbouring municipalities in thematic maps of HVL, suggesting spatial similarity in the distribution of the disease in humans mainly in the North and Northeast Regions, which concentrate the states with the highest rates of HVL. Heterogeneous spatial patterns were observed in the distribution of HVL, which show municipalities that need higher priority in the intensification of disease surveillance and control strategies.

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Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection: a systematic review – CORRIGENDUM

Abstract: Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection: a systematic review-CORRIGENDUM.

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Leishmania: Attention to the Increasing Number of Patients! Can It Be an Epidemic?

Leishmania: Attention to the Increasing Number of Patients! Can It Be an Epidemic?

High seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum is linked to immune activation in people with HIV: a two-stage cross-sectional study in Bahia, Brazil

Epidemiological aspects and spatial patterns of human visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil

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