Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Luoyang, China

Abstract

ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Luoyang, China, identify related risk factors, inform clinical practices, and establish standardized anti-tubercular treatment regimens.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of high-resolution melting curve (HRM) data from 17,773 cases (2,748 of which were positive) between June 2019 and May 2022 to assess the prevalence of MDR-TB and to identify its associated risk factors.ResultsBetween June 2019 and May 2022, out of the 17,773 HRM results, 2,748 were HRM-positive, and 312 were MDR-TB cases. The detection rates for HRM-positive and MDR-TB were 17.0 and 12.1% for males, and 12.4 and 8.2% for females, respectively. The MDR-TB detection rate was higher in the urban areas (14.6%) than in the rural areas (10.6%) and more common among individuals under 51 years of age (14.1%) than those over 50 years of age (9.3%). Notably, the rate of detecting MDR-TB was 18.3% higher in new male patients than in new female patients, which was at 10.6%, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Moreover, the rate of MDR detection in females who had received anti-tuberculosis treatment (21.3%) was higher than that in males (16.9%). In the multivariate model that considered the results of the sputum smear and detection time, MDR-TB was positively correlated with a history of tuberculosis (TB) treatment, being male, being younger than 51 years, and living in urban areas.ConclusionLocal TB infections are complex and diverse; therefore, more comprehensive monitoring methods are needed to curb the spread of MDR-TB.

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of extrapulmonary tuberculosis from South-Central China

“…These were compared to those aged 10–19 years, retirees, patients from the east of Hunana, and those with the mentioned combination of multiple EPTB subtypes. A previous study on unspecified TB patients showed that the MDR-TB detection rate was more common among individuals under the age of 51 years (14.1%) than those over the age of 50 years (9.3%) ( 33 ), which was not in line with our results, suggesting that EPTB exhibits unique resistance characteristics. In Hunan, more EPTB cases were reported in the northeast and southwest regions, particularly in the cities of Changsha, Shaoyang, and Yueyang, compared to other areas/cities in Hunan.…”

Regional differences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection and multidrug resistance epidemic in Luoyang

“…There are few local reports on the prevalence and drug resistance of TB during the COVID-19 pandemic. As an important industrialized city in China, Luoyang is a heavily affected area for tuberculosis infection and drug resistance [ 10 , 11 ]. However, more comprehensive information on the spread of tuberculosis in both urban and rural areas has always been scarce.…”