Epidemiological Characteristics and Clinical Treatment Outcome of Typhoid Fever in Ningbo, China, 2005–2014: Pulsed-Field Gel Electorophoresis Results Revealing Great Proportion of Common Transmission Sources

Song, Qifan; Yang, Yuanbin; Lin, Wenping; Yi, Bo; Xu, Guozhang

doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.434

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Although any exposure factor could be associated with the cases in this study, a common unidentified source probably exists since different laboratorial tests and analysis of WGS identify a common pattern among the contemporary S. Typhi strains recovered from patients with typhoid fever. The same difficulty to identify the source of strains was already reported elsewhere (Purighalla et al, 2017;Song et al, 2017), highlighting the role of molecular tools to identify clustered strains in apparently "sporadic cases"…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Molecular analysis of clonally related Salmonella Typhi recovered from epidemiologically unrelated cases of typhoid fever, Brazil

Tiba‐Casas

Sacchi

Gonçalves

et al. 2019

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background: The primary method of molecular subtyping for the identification and investigation of outbreaks has been pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In some cases, this technique has not been able to show discrimination between the unrelated strains that can be achieved by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Methods: The aim of this study was to determine the strengths and drawbacks of WGS using different analytic approaches compared to traditional typing method, PFGE, for retrospectively typing clusters cases of 28 S. Typhi. Results: We evaluated three analytical approaches on the WGS data set (Nucleotide Difference (ND), (SNPs) and Whole genome multi locus sequence typing (wgMLST) that identically classified the clustersrelated strains into two clusters, cluster A (with strains from 2017), and Cluster B (with strains from 2007). Conclusions: In this study WGS based typing, was able to compete with PFGE for differentiation of the clusters of S. Typhi strains.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Molecular analysis of clonally related Salmonella Typhi recovered from epidemiologically unrelated cases of typhoid fever, Brazil

Tiba‐Casas

Sacchi

Gonçalves

et al. 2019

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…The studies included a total of 2,554 patients with typhoid fever, with 555 incurring complications. Five studies included only children [10, 12, 20, 21, 34], two included only adults [9, 24], and six included individuals from all ages [19, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28], with two of them reporting complication by age groups [19, 26] (Table 3). Thirteen studies were used to calculate the overall pooled prevalence of typhoid fever complications, nine to perform subgroup analysis by age group (seven for children, four for adults), and six to perform subgroup analyses by DDA groups (four studies with DDA <10, two studies with DDA ≥10).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We further highlight the limited publications on typhoid fever complications from Africa and South America and the variability of antimicrobials used to assess resistance. While multidrug resistance was reported in 15 of the 21 articles reviewed, susceptibility to nalidixic acid was assessed in only five studies [16, 19, 22, 25, 30]. Resistance to nalidixic acid or intermediate resistance to fluoroquinolones, rather than multidrug resistance, has been associated with typhoid fever severity and complications [16, 19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Typhoid Fever Complications and Their Relation to Duration of Illness Preceding Hospitalization: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis

Espinoza

McCreedy

Holm

et al. 2019

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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BackgroundComplications from typhoid fever disease have been estimated to occur in 10%–15% of hospitalized patients, with evidence of a higher risk in children and when delaying the implementation of effective antimicrobial treatment. We estimated the prevalence of complications in hospitalized patients with culture-confirmed typhoid fever and the effects of delaying the implementation of effective antimicrobial treatment and age on the prevalence and risk of complications.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using studies in the PubMed database. We rated risk of bias and conducted random-effects meta-analyses. Days of disease at hospitalization (DDA) was used as a surrogate for delaying the implementation of effective antimicrobial treatment. Analyses were stratified by DDA (DDA <10 versus ≥10 mean/median days of disease) and by age (children versus adults). Differences in risk were assessed using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated with the I2 value and funnel plot analysis, respectively.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of complications estimated among hospitalized typhoid fever patients was 27% (95% CI, 21%–32%; I2 = 90.9%, P < .0001). Patients with a DDA ≥ 10 days presented higher prevalence (36% [95% CI, 29%–43%]) and three times greater risk of severe disease (OR, 3.00 [95% CI, 2.14–4.17]; P < .0001) than patients arriving earlier (16% [95% CI, 13%– 18%]). Difference in prevalence and risk by age groups were not significant.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis identified a higher overall prevalence of complications than previously reported and a strong association between duration of symptoms prior to hospitalization and risk of serious complications.

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“…typhi showed quickly increased prevalence of reduced CIP susceptibility in recent years, a finding that we have reported in a previous study. 22 S . Enteritidis remained at a high prevalence of reduced CIP susceptibility throughout the study period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the development of quinolone resistance in <em>Salmonella</em> species in China, 2005–2016

Song¹,

Xu²,

Gao³

et al. 2018

IDR

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PurposeSeveral factors contribute to the complexity of quinolone resistance in Salmonella, including >2000 different Salmonella serotypes, a variety of hosts for Salmonella, and wide use of quinolones in human beings and animals. We thus aimed to obtain an overview of the development of quinolone resistance and relevant molecular mechanisms of such a resistance in Salmonella species.Materials and methodsA total of 1,776 Salmonella isolates were collected in Ningbo, China, between 2005 and 2016. Antimicrobial susceptibility to quinolone and relevant genetic mechanisms in these isolates were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe ratio for ciprofloxacin (CIP) resistant:reduced CIP susceptible:CIP susceptible was 26:522:1,228. CIP resistance was found in nine of 51 serotypes: Derby, London, Kentucky, Indiana, Corvallis, Rissen, Hadar, Typhimurium, and Agona. Of 26 CIP-resistant isolates, all were concurrently resistant to ampicillin and 21 were also concurrently resistant to cefotaxime and produced extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). The minimal inhibitory concentration values were at three levels: 2–4 μg/mL (serotypes except for Kentucky and Indiana), 16 μg/mL (one Kentucky isolate), and >32 μg/mL (Indiana isolates). As with the three most common serotypes, Salmonella Typhi showed quickly increased prevalence of reduced CIP susceptibility in recent years, Salmonella Enteritidis remained at a high prevalence of reduced CIP susceptibility throughout the study period, and several isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium were resistant to CIP. Transferable plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene qnrB was only found in all CIP-resistant isolates. In contrast, gyrA mutations were often found in reduced CIP-susceptible isolates and were not necessarily found in all CIP-resistant isolates.ConclusionWe conclude that in Salmonella, there exists a high prevalence of reduced CIP susceptibility and a low prevalence of CIP resistance, which focuses on several serotypes. Our study also demonstrates that, rather than gyrA mutations, qnrB is the most common indicator for CIP resistance.

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Epidemiological Characteristics and Clinical Treatment Outcome of Typhoid Fever in Ningbo, China, 2005–2014: Pulsed-Field Gel Electorophoresis Results Revealing Great Proportion of Common Transmission Sources

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Molecular analysis of clonally related Salmonella Typhi recovered from epidemiologically unrelated cases of typhoid fever, Brazil

Molecular analysis of clonally related Salmonella Typhi recovered from epidemiologically unrelated cases of typhoid fever, Brazil

Occurrence of Typhoid Fever Complications and Their Relation to Duration of Illness Preceding Hospitalization: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis

Overview of the development of quinolone resistance in <em>Salmonella</em> species in China, 2005–2016

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Epidemiological Characteristics and Clinical Treatment Outcome of Typhoid Fever in Ningbo, China, 2005–2014: Pulsed-Field Gel Electorophoresis Results Revealing Great Proportion of Common Transmission Sources

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Molecular analysis of clonally related Salmonella Typhi recovered from epidemiologically unrelated cases of typhoid fever, Brazil

Molecular analysis of clonally related Salmonella Typhi recovered from epidemiologically unrelated cases of typhoid fever, Brazil

Occurrence of Typhoid Fever Complications and Their Relation to Duration of Illness Preceding Hospitalization: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis

Overview of the development of quinolone resistance in <em>Salmonella</em> species in China, 2005&ndash;2016

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Overview of the development of quinolone resistance in <em>Salmonella</em> species in China, 2005–2016