Epidemiological assessment of the health and nutrition of Ethiopian refugees in emergency camps in Sudan, 1985.

Shears, P.; Berry, Andrea; Murphy, Ryan; Nabil, M A

doi:10.1136/bmj.295.6593.314

Cited by 66 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Measles infection may lead to or exacerbate vitamin A deficiency, compromising immunity and leaving the patient susceptible to xerophthalmia, blindness, and premature death. In early 1985, the measles-specific death rate among children under 5 in one eastern Sudan camp was 30 per 1000/month; the case-fatality rate (CFR) based on reported cases was almost 30% (35). Large numbers of measles deaths have been reported in camps in Somalia, Bangladesh, Sudan, and Ethiopia (40).…”

Section: Causes Of Mortality and Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Public Health Aspects of Complex Emergencies and Refugee Situations

Toole

Waldman²

1997

Annu. Rev. Public Health

320

232

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Populations affected by armed conflict have experienced severe public health consequences mediated by population displacement, food scarcity, and the collapse of basic health services, giving rise to the term complex humanitarian emergencies. These public health effects have been most severe in underdeveloped countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Refugees and internally displaced persons have experienced high mortality rates during the period immediately following their migration. In Africa, crude mortality rates have been as high as 80 times baseline rates. The most common causes of death have been diarrheal diseases, measles, acute respiratory infections, and malaria. High prevalences of acute malnutrition have contributed to high case fatality rates. In conflict-affected European countries, such as the former Yugoslavia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Chechnya, war-related injuries have been the most common cause of death among civilian populations; however, increased incidence of communicable diseases, neonatal health problems, and nutritional deficiencies (especially among the elderly) have been documented. The most effective measures to prevent mortality and morbidity in complex emergencies include protection from violence; the provision of adequate food rations, clean water and sanitation; diarrheal disease control; measles immunization; maternal and child health care, including the case management of common endemic communicable diseases; and selective feeding programs, when indicated.

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Section: Causes Of Mortality and Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Public Health Aspects of Complex Emergencies and Refugee Situations

Toole

Waldman²

1997

Annu. Rev. Public Health

320

232

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“…Measles case-fatality ratios in children in complex emergencies have been as high as 20-30%. 18,19 During a famine in Ethiopia, measles alone or in combination with wasting accounted for 22% of 159 deaths of children under 5 years, and 17% of 72 deaths of children aged 5-14 years. 20 Progress in global control has reduced the likelihood of measles outbreaks in some regions, although outbreaks can occur in refugee and internally displaced populations with low levels of immunity or vaccination coverage.…”

Section: Measlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child health in complex emergencies

Moss¹

2004

Bull World Health Organ

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Coordinated and effective interventions are critical for relief efforts to be successful in addressing the health needs of children in situations of armed conflict, population displacement, and/or food insecurity. We reviewed published literature and surveyed international relief organizations engaged in child health activities in complex emergencies. Our aim was to identify research needs and improve guidelines for the care of children. Much of the literature details the burden of disease and the causes of morbidity and mortality; few interventional studies have been published. Surveys of international relief organizations showed that most use World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and ministry of health guidelines designed for use in stable situations. Organizations were least likely to have formal guidelines on the management of asphyxia, prematurity, and infection in neonates; diagnosis and management of children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; active case-finding and treatment of tuberculosis; paediatric trauma; and the diagnosis and management of mental-health problems in children. Guidelines often are not adapted to the different types of health-care workers who provide care in complex emergencies. Evidence-based, locally adapted guidelines for the care of children in complex emergencies should be adopted by ministries of health, supported by WHO and UNICEF, and disseminated to international relief organizations to ensure appropriate, effective, and uniform care.Keywords Child welfare; Child health services; Emergencies; Disasters; Diarrhea/therapy; Measles/epidemiology; HIV infections/ diagnosis/therapy; Malaria/prevention and control; Nutrition disorders/therapy; Infant mortality; Child mortality; Refugees; Infant, Newborn; Child; Practice guidelines; Review literature (source: MeSH, NLM). Voir page 62 le résumé en français. En la página 62 figura un resumen en español. Mots clés

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“…In the emergency refugee camps of Eastern Sudan in 1985, young children were more likely to succumb to measles, malaria, diarrhea/dysentery, and respiratory infections than to starvation (P. Shears et al 1987). Cholera struck Somalia and Ethiopia in 1985: in the Sudan "acute gastroenteritis" and "001" were the official euphemisms for the same disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%