Epidemiological aspects of tuberculosis in children and adolescents in Rio de Janeiro

Matos, Thaise Pereira; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu; Netto, Antônio Ruffino

doi:10.2223/jped.2207

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…[7] Other studies have shown prevalence ranging from 16-56% of HIV among children with TB. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] However, a retrospective review of TB notifications in the Kilimanjaro region of Kenya showed that of the minority of children who were tested for HIV infection, 82% tested positive. The HIV epidemic is a key factor behind the resurgence in TB incidence worldwide and HIV is the pre-eminent risk factor for the development of TB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis in Children Aged 0-5 Years at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria - How Common is HIV in Children with Tuberculosis

Paul

Hart

Ugwu

2019

IJTDH

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death in young children and the risk of progression from infection to disease is higher in the very young especially among those with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. This study therefore aimed to examine the method of TB diagnosis and how common HIV infection is among children 0-5 years with tuberculosis at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). Methods: Information of children aged 0-5 years from 1st January, 2011 to 31st December 2014 were retrieved from the TB register of the Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) clinic of UPTH. This included the age, sex, HIV status, Sputum AFB status, method of diagnosis of tuberculosis and the treatment outcome of the patients. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Research and Ethics committee of the University of Teaching Hospital. Results: Three hundred and thirty five children were treated for TB and 179 (53.43%) of them were aged 0-5 years. There were 93 (51.96%) males and 86 (48.04%) females, with male: female ratio of 1.08:1. Their mean age was 1.96 ±1.45. The sputum or gastric lavage of 21 (11.73%) were positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB). The common method of TB diagnosis was clinical/ radiological method and this constituted 158 (88.27%) of the patients with TB. Ninety (50.28%) children with TB were less than one year of age and there was no statistical significant relationship between age and method of TB diagnosis (x2 = 2.78, p = 0.249). More males 93 (51.96%) than females 86 (48.04%) had TB but more females 13 (61.90%) than males 8 (38.10%) were AFB positive, however, these were not statistically significant. (x 2 = 1.26 p-value = 0.262). Seventy two (40.22%) of the children with TB were HIV positive. One hundred and thirty five (75.42%) of the children recovered following treatment while 44 (24.58%) were referred to Dots centres closest to the patients. No child died. Conclusion: The prevalence of TB among under-fives especially among infants is high. Clinical and radiological methods were the common methods of TB diagnosis. HIV prevalence among children with TB was lower than expected by the authors, however, the treatment outcome was good. Re-training of clinicians to improve their expertise on clinical diagnosis of TB and a more in depth search of TB in the community among children 0-5 years who are HIV sero-negative with persistent cough is advocated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis in Children Aged 0-5 Years at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria - How Common is HIV in Children with Tuberculosis

Paul

Hart

Ugwu

2019

IJTDH

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“…In Brazil, from 1999–2008, 473 children were treated at one teaching hospital, two-thirds with a known TB contact, the majority of those in the household 110. Seventeen percent were HIV-positive and a confirmed diagnosis was made in 31% of cases.…”

Section: American Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and disease burden of tuberculosis in children: a global perspective

Seddon

Shingadia

2014

IDR

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Our understanding of the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic in children is incomplete due to challenges in diagnosis and reporting. Children have also been largely excluded from research and advocacy. However, the tide appears to be turning and interest in pediatric TB is increasing. In this article, we explore the epidemiology of childhood TB by first reviewing the natural history of TB in children and the factors that impact on each of the stages from exposure to disease. We then discuss how these factors affect what we see at a country and regional level. Finally, we assess the burden of childhood TB globally.

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“…Adult contact with active disease is a vital approach in detecting TB in children. Contact rate is between 25% and 66% in various studies (21,22). Forty-one cases (45.6%) in our study had contact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Children

Aygün¹,

Akçakaya²,

Çokuğraş³

et al. 2019

J Pediatr Inf

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Giriş: Tüberküloz (TB), hem gelişmekte olan hem de göç nedeniyle gelişmiş ülkelerde, kontrol stratejilerine rağmen insidansı artan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Akciğer dışı tüberküloz (ADTB)'un klinik belirtilerinin çok farklı olması tanı ve tedavide gecikmelere neden olmaktadır. Çalışmamızda çocukluk yaş grubunda ADTB tanısı alan olguların klinik ve laboratuvar bulgularının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Aralık 2007-Aralık 2017 tarihleri arasında fakültemiz çocuk enfeksiyon servisinde ADTB tanısıyla yatırılan hastaların tıbbi kayıtları geriye dönük olarak araştırmanın amaçları doğrultusunda olarak incelendi. Bulgular: ADTB tanısı alan 90 hastanın 56 (%62.2)'sı kız, 34 (%37.8)'ü erkekti. Yaş ortalamaları 123.2 ± 63.5 aydı (3-204 ay). Olguların 29 (%32.2)'u TB lenfadenit, 14 (%15.6)'ü gastrointestinal TB, 12 (%13.3)'si TB menenjit, 12 (%13.3)'si miliyer TB, 10 (%11.1)'u plevra TB, 6 (%6.7)'sı kemik TB tanısı almıştı. Yedi (%7.7) hastanın üçünde böbrek, ikisinde deri tutulumu vardı, diğer ikisinde genitoüriner sistem ve perikart tutulumu vardı. On dokuz (%21.1) olguda akciğer tutulumu eşlik ediyordu. Olgularımızın 41 (%45.6)'inde TB teması vardı, 48 (%53.3)'inin ailesi asgari ücretle geçinmekteydi. Seksen yedisi (%96.7) Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) aşılıydı, 37 (%41.1)'sinin kilosu 3. persentilin altındaydı. Kırk dördünde (%48.9) tüberkülin deri testi (TDT) ve 31 (%34.4)'nde interferon gama salınım testi (İGRA) pozitifliği saptandı. Vücut sıvılarından alınan örneklemelerin 29 (%32.2)'unda aside dirençli bakteri tespit edildi, 28 (%31.1) örnekte kültürde üreme saptandı. Kırk altı (%51.1) olguda histopatolojik bulgular tanıyı doğruladı. ADTB olguları yerleşim bölgelerine göre kendi aralarında

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Epidemiological aspects of tuberculosis in children and adolescents in Rio de Janeiro

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Tuberculosis in Children Aged 0-5 Years at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria - How Common is HIV in Children with Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis in Children Aged 0-5 Years at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria - How Common is HIV in Children with Tuberculosis

Epidemiology and disease burden of tuberculosis in children: a global perspective

Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Children

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