Epidemiological aspects of filariosis in dogs on the coast of Paraná state, Brazil: with emphasis on Dirofilaria immitis

Reifur, Larissa; Soccol, Vanete Thomaz; Montiani‐Ferreira, Fabiano

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.05.017

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…An elevated percentage of occult filarial infection in dogs was also reported by Rawlings et al (1982), Grieve et al (1986), Reifur et al (2004), andYildirim et al (2007), and also by Labarthe et al (1997) in cats, while Tasić et al (2008) detected a low rate of occult infection in Serbia. These authors associated the low rate with a recent concentration of dirofilariasis in this region.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Detection of dog filariasis in Marajo Island, Brazil by classical and molecular methods

et al. 2009

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Canine filariasis in domestic and wild dogs, foxes, and wolves is caused by several species of filarids. Although these filarial species inhabit different loci in the vertebrate definitive hosts, they generally release microfilariae into the bloodstream. Data about filarial infection in dogs in Brazil, especially on the Marajo Island, is scarce. For this reason, we conducted an analysis of 188 domestic dogs within two Marajo Island municipalities. The overall prevalence of microfilaremic was 32.45%; taken by blood smear and modified Knott's method. No significant difference of positivity between male and female was observed (X(2) Yates's correction = 0.341; p = 0.559). Significant age-infection ratios were detected (X(2) = 32.943; p < 0.0001). A high occult infection was detected (53.84%). PCR of rDNA and phylogenetic tree indicated that the microfilariae and adult worms found in domestic dogs from Marajo Island were Dirofilaria immitis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Detection of dog filariasis in Marajo Island, Brazil by classical and molecular methods

et al. 2009

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“…The heartworm parasite is still most frequent in coastal areas, but the huge influx of people (and their pets) to developing cities such as Porto Velho may be the cause of the spread of heartworm disease within the country (ARAUJO et al, 2003;BENDAS et al, 2007;LABARTHE et al, 1998;REIFUR et al, 2004;TRAVERSA, 2012). The lower prevalence in areas far from the coast may be linked to the vectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine heartworm disease in Porto Velho: first record, distribution map and occurrence of positive mosquitoes

Ogawa

Cruz

Cunha

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The aim of this study was to make the first report on canine heartworm disease in the state of Rondônia and confirm its transmission in this state. Blood samples were randomly collected from 727 dogs in the city of Porto Velho. The samples were analyzed to search for microfilariae and circulating antigens, using three different techniques: optical microscopy on thick blood smears stained with Giemsa; immunochromatography; and PCR. Mosquitoes were collected inside and outside the homes of all the cases of positive dogs and were tested using PCR to search for DNA of Dirofilaria immitis. Ninety-three blood samples out of 727 (12.8%) were positive according to the immunoassay technique and none according to the thick smear method. Among the 93 positive dogs, 89 (95.7%) were born in Porto Velho. No difference in the frequency of infection was observed between dogs raised indoors and in the yard. PCR on the mosquitoes resulted in only one positive pool. This result shows that the transmission of canine heartworm disease is occurring in the city of Porto Velho and that there is moderate prevalence among the dogs. The techniques of immunochromatography and PCR were more effective for detecting canine heartworm than thick blood smears. The confirmation of canine heartworm disease transmission in Porto Velho places this disease in the ranking for differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules in humans in Rondônia.Keywords: Canine heartworm disease, Dirofilaria immitis, PCR, immunochromatography, thick blood smears, Brazil. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi de registrar pela primeira vez a dirofilariose canina no estado de Rondônia e confirmar sua transmissão neste estado. Amostras de sangue de 727 cães foram colhidas aleatoriamente na cidade de Porto Velho. As amostras foram analisadas em busca de microfilárias e antígenos circulantes usando três técnicas diferentes: microscopia ótica de gota espessa corada com Giemsa e imunocromatografia de fluxo lateral e PCR. Mosquitos foram colhidos no domicilio e peridomicílio de todos os casos de cães positivos, estes mosquitos foram testados pela PCR na detecção de DNA de Dirofilaria immitis. Noventa e três das 727 amostras de sangue foram positivas na técnica de imunoensaio (12,8%). Nenhuma amostra foi positiva na gota espessa. Entre os 93 cães positivos, 89 (95,7%) foram nascidos em Porto Velho. Nenhuma diferença na frequencia de infecção foi observada entre cães criados dentro da casa ou no quintal. O PCR dos mosquitos resultou em apenas um pool positivo. Este resultado mostra que a transmissão de dirofilariose canina está ocorrendo na cidade de Porto Velho e a frequência que ocorre nos cães é considerada moderada. As técnicas de imunocromatografia e PCR são mais eficazes na detecção de dirofilariose comparadas a gota espessa. A confirmação de transmissão de dirofilariose canina em Porto Velho, coloca esta doença no ranking de diagnóstico diferencial de nódulos pulmonares em seres humanos em Rondônia.

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“…These states had previously been reported to have high rates of heartworm infection. The minimum number of samples to be obtained in each state was calculated with Epi Info 2000 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia) for determining 90% confidence intervals, considering the canine population to be 15% of the human population [17] and the estimated heartworm prevalence to be as reported previously [2,[4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of the parasite in Brazil was reported to be 8% during the 1980s [1], with hotspots that could be as high as 45% in the coastal lowlands of the state of São Paulo [2] and in the eastern lowland section of the state of Rio de Janeiro [3]. Several canine heartworm hotspots were identified in coastal areas such as Florianópolis (12%), state of Santa Catarina [4]; Guaratuba (6%) and Guaraqueçaba (21%), state of Paraná [5]; Bertioga (45%) and Guarujá (14%), state of São Paulo [2], região dos lagos (52%) and Niterói (37%), state of Rio de Janeiro [3]; Recife (12%) [6] and Itamaracá (29%) [7], state of Pernambuco; and Salvador (5.4%) and Lauro de Freitas (23.3%), state of Bahia [8]. As awareness of the disease increased following introduction of chemoprophylatic drugs in Brazil and with the increased treatment of canine tick-borne diseases, the number of heartworminfected dogs declined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated canine infection rates for Dirofilaria immitis in areas of Brazil previously identified as having a high incidence of heartworm-infected dogs

Labarthe

Paiva

Reifur

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

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Background: Canine heartworm infections were frequently diagnosed in Brazil before the new millennium. After the year 2000, the frequency of diagnosis showed a sharp decline; however, a few years later, new evidence indicated that the parasite was still present and that canine infection rates seemed to be increasing. Therefore, an updated survey of canine heartworm prevalence was conducted in several locations in south, southeast, and northeast Brazil.

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Epidemiological aspects of filariosis in dogs on the coast of Paraná state, Brazil: with emphasis on Dirofilaria immitis

Cited by 39 publications

References 8 publications

Detection of dog filariasis in Marajo Island, Brazil by classical and molecular methods

Detection of dog filariasis in Marajo Island, Brazil by classical and molecular methods

Canine heartworm disease in Porto Velho: first record, distribution map and occurrence of positive mosquitoes

Updated canine infection rates for Dirofilaria immitis in areas of Brazil previously identified as having a high incidence of heartworm-infected dogs

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