Epidemiological aspects of canine visceral leishmaniosis in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Mohebali, Mehdi; Hajjaran, Homa; Hamzavi, Yazdan; Mobedi, Iraj; Arshi, Shahnam; Zarei, Zabihollah; Akhoundi, Behnaz; Naeini, Kourosh Manouchehri; Avizeh, Reza; Fakhar, Mehdi

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.01.010

Cited by 163 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, to date, the protection efficacy of these or other vaccines in dogs against visceral leishmaniasis is highly controversial [15,28,33,34]. Therefore several efforts have been dedicated to the development of such vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunogenicity in dogs of three recombinant antigens (TSA, LeIF and LmSTI1) potential vaccine candidates for canine visceral leishmaniasis

et al. 2005

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-Control of canine visceral leishmaniasis (VL) remains a difficult and serious problem mostly because there is no reliable and effective vaccine available to prevent this disease. A mixture of three recombinant leishmanial antigens (TSA, LeIF and LmSTI1) encoded by three genes highly conserved in the Leishmania genus have been shown to induce excellent protection against infection in both murine and simian models of cutaneous leishmaniasis. A human clinical trial with these antigens is currently underway. Because of the high degree of conservation, these antigens might be useful vaccine candidates for VL as well. In the present study, using the dog model of the visceral disease, we evaluated the immunogenicity of these three antigens formulated with two different adjuvants, MPL-SE ® and AdjuPrime ® . The results were compared with a whole parasite vaccine formulated with BCG as the adjuvant. In order to investigate if sensitization with the recombinant antigens would result in recognition of the corresponding native parasite antigens upon infection, the animals were exposed for four weeks after the termination of the immunization protocol with the recombinant antigens to a low number of L. chagasi promastigotes, an etiological agent of VL. Immune response was evaluated by quantitative ELISA in the animal sera before and after exposure

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaccination of dogs with a killed preparation of leishmania organisms mixed with the human vaccine BCG (bacille Calmette -Guerin) as the adjuvant results in protection against experimental VL in kennel dogs [28]. However, field trials with this vaccine showed no protection whatsoever [14,15,33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity in dogs of three recombinant antigens (TSA, LeIF and LmSTI1) potential vaccine candidates for canine visceral leishmaniasis

et al. 2005

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“…The prevalence of infection by PCR in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) can be as high as 40-75 % in Mediterranean countries (Criado-Fornelio et al 2000 ;Dipineto et al 2007). Reported parasite prevalences in the golden jackal in the Middle East are typically lower, up to 13 % in Iran (Hamidi et al 1982 ;Mohebali et al 2005), though there have been no published PCR studies. Most rodent studies have concentrated on the black rat (Rattus rattus), for which reported parasite prevalence is only 1-2 % (Bettini et al 1978(Bettini et al , 1980Pozio et al 1981), but only limited PCR studies have been performed.…”

Section: Prevalence Of L Infantum Infection In Potential Reservoir Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis

2009

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S U M M A R YZoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) caused by Leishmania infantum is an important disease of humans and dogs. Here we review aspects of the transmission and control of ZVL. Whilst there is clear evidence that ZVL is maintained by sandfly transmission, transmission may also occur by non-sandfly routes, such as congenital and sexual transmission. Dogs are the only confirmed primary reservoir of infection. Meta-analysis of dog studies confirms that infectiousness is higher in symptomatic infection ; infectiousness is also higher in European than South American studies. A high prevalence of infection has been reported from an increasing number of domestic and wild mammals ; updated host ranges are provided. The crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, opossums Didelphis spp., domestic cat Felis cattus, black rat Rattus rattus and humans can infect sandflies, but confirmation of these hosts as primary or secondary reservoirs requires further xenodiagnosis studies at the population level. Thus the putative sylvatic reservoir(s) of ZVL remains unknown. Review of intervention studies examining the effectiveness of current control methods highlights the lack of randomized controlled trials of both dog culling and residual insecticide spraying. Topical insecticides (deltamethrin-impregnated collars and pour-ons) have been shown to provide a high level of individual protection to treated dogs, but further community-level studies are needed.

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“…The highest seroprevalences rates of canine leishmaniosis have been observed in the Northwest region with cold climate. The reported sero-prevalence rates were 17.4 % in 2008, (Moshfe et al 2008), 18.2 % in 2005(Mohebali et al 2005) and 21.6 % in 2002 (Mazloumi Gavgani et al 2002). While, the reported Leishmania infection rate in dogs in the Southwest region with hot climate was 4.4 % in 2005 (Mohebali et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Mohebali et al 2005). The highest seroprevalences rates of canine leishmaniosis have been observed in the Northwest region with cold climate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A serological study of Leishmania infantum in dogs of Khorasan Razavi province, Iran

et al. 2012

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Leishmania infantum is the principal agent of visceral leishmaniosis (kala-azar) in all areas of Iran. The disease is endemic in Fars, Ardabil, East Azerbaijan and Bushehr provinces while it is sporadic in other parts of the country. Dog as a member of canidae family is the main animal reservoir host of kala-azar. The present study was carried out to determine the sero-prevalence of canine leishmaniosis in Mashhad, the capital city of Khorasan Razavi Province, in the north east of Iran. Two-hundred and nine dogs in two different classes including stray and sheepdogs were selected for this cross-sectional study. The blood samples were collected and tested by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test for detection of antiLeishmania infantum antibodies. The results showed that 16/209 (7.6 %) of blood samples were positive. The seroprevalence rates in stray and sheepdogs were 11/94 (11.7 %) and 5/115 (4.3 %), respectively (p \ 0.05). Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that visceral leishmaniosis is distributed among dogs of this area, also seroprevalence of canine leishmaniosis in stray dogs higher than sheepdogs.

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Epidemiological aspects of canine visceral leishmaniosis in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Cited by 163 publications

References 24 publications

Immunogenicity in dogs of three recombinant antigens (TSA, LeIF and LmSTI1) potential vaccine candidates for canine visceral leishmaniasis

Immunogenicity in dogs of three recombinant antigens (TSA, LeIF and LmSTI1) potential vaccine candidates for canine visceral leishmaniasis

Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis

A serological study of Leishmania infantum in dogs of Khorasan Razavi province, Iran

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