Epidemiological and Pathological Studies on Congenital Diffuse Hyperplastic Goiter in Calves.

Seimiya, Yukio; Ohshima, Kan-ichi; Itoh, Hiroshi; Ogasawara, Nobuyuki; Matsukida, Yuko; Yuita, Kouichi

doi:10.1292/jvms.53.989

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The pathogenesis of goiter includes an iodine‐deficient diet, goitrogenic compounds that interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis, dietary iodide excess, and genetic enzyme defects in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (Ong, Herdt, & Fitzgerald, ). Goiters tend to occur in young or newborn animals (Doige & McLaughlin, ; Kuczynski et al, ; Seimiya et al, ; Wither, ). Gland enlargement results from a simple hyperplasia of follicular cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological characteristics of thyroid glands from Japanese Black Cattle living in the restricted area of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

Sasaki

Uehara

Sato

et al. 2019

Animal Science Journal

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To study the effect of ionizing radiation on thyroid glands, 66 Japanese Black cattle residing in the restricted area of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2013–2017 were pathologically examined. There were no clinical symptoms of thyroid disease in these cattle. Three cases of goiter and seven of atrophy were found in two among the four farms examined. Cases of goiter exhibited normal morphological structure without mass or nodule formation in thyroid glands. Cellular atypia or capsular invasion of the follicular epithelium was absent. The estimated integrated dose of external radiation in goiter cases ranged from maximum 797 mSv to minimum 24 mSv. All lobules in the seven atrophic thyroid glands were affected, but pathological findings, such as inflammatory cell infiltration or stromal fibrosis, were not observed. The estimated integrated dose of external radiation in atrophic thyroids ranged from maximum 589 mSv to minimum 8 mSv. Immunohistochemical analysis of anti‐nitroguanosine and the TUNEL method in goiter and atrophic thyroid glands did not reveal any positive findings. The present study indicates that there was no significant relationship between a radiation effect and pathological findings in any thyroid glands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological characteristics of thyroid glands from Japanese Black Cattle living in the restricted area of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

Sasaki

Uehara

Sato

et al. 2019

Animal Science Journal

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“…While individual levels of serum T 4 and T 3 at just after birth could not be considered as a diagnostic index, the T 4 /T 3 ratio could be adopted as a diagnostic index of endemic goiter. The histopathological changes of an enlarged thyroid gland together with other evidence of hypothyroidism are necessary to diagnose endemic goiter in newborn calves [6,9,11]. However, since the energy metabolic rate is higher in newborn calves, thyroid hormone levels may be more variable just after birth.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Dietary iodine deficiency is associated with stillbirth, abortion, weakness and goiter [6,11]. If calves with goiter were to be born on the range during inclement weather, many would die [10].…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in Serum Thyroid Hormone Levels in Newborn Calves as a Diagnostic Index of Endemic Goiter.

Takahashi

Ducusin

et al. 2001

J. Vet. Med. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. Maximum serum thyroxine (T 4 ) and triiodothyronine (T 3 ) levels of healthy calves were seen at 1 day after birth, and thereafter rapidly decreased until 5 days after birth. They stabilized until 2 weeks after birth, then gradually decreased until 4 weeks after birth. Serum T 4 levels of calves with endemic goiter tended to be lower than those of healthy ones, but showed similar levels to those of adult cows. T 3 levels of calves with goiter were similar to those of healthy ones, but showed higher variation. T 4 /T 3 ratio of calves with goiter were significantly lower than those of healthy ones and adult cows. While individual levels of serum T 4 and T 3 at just after birth could not be considered as a diagnostic index, the T 4 /T 3 ratio could be adopted as a diagnostic index of endemic goiter. The histopathological changes of an enlarged thyroid gland together with other evidence of hypothyroidism are necessary to diagnose endemic goiter in newborn calves [6,9,11]. However, since the energy metabolic rate is higher in newborn calves, thyroid hormone levels may be more variable just after birth. In this paper, the thyroid hormone levels of calves with goiter were compared with those of healthy calves and adult cows to investigate a possible diagnostic index of endemic goiter in calves.Six healthy Holstein calves were examined. Newborn Holstein calves with goiter (n=34) found at 3 farms in the Tokachi district in Hokkaido were also examined. The diagnosis of endemic goiter was based on histopathological findings of enlarged thyroid glands. The blood of healthy calves was collected from the jugular vein at the following times: just after birth, 1, 3, 5, 7 days after birth, 2, 3, 4 weeks after birth, and 2 months after birth. The blood of calves with endemic goiter was collected just after birth (n=13), 1 (n=8) and 3 (n=5) days after birth, and at 2 (n=4) and 4 (n=4) weeks after birth. As a control, the blood of healthy 18-21 month-old adult cows (n=6) was also examined. Serum was separated quickly from collected blood then frozen at -20°C until determination of the thyroid hormone levels.Serum thyroxine (T 4 ) and serum triiodothyronine (T 3 ) of healthy calves, calves with goiter and healthy adult cows were determined by the RIA method (SPAC T 4 RIA Kit and SPAC T 3 RIA Kit, Daiichi RI institute) and the T 4 /T 3 ratio was calculated. Differences of thyroid hormone levels among healthy calves, calves with goiter and healthy adult cows were considered significant if p values were <0.05 or <0.01 by Student's t test. Figure 1 shows the changes in serum levels of thyroxine (T 4 ), triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and the T 4 /T 3 ratio in healthy calves and calves with goiter. These were compared with those of adult cows. Serum T 4 levels of healthy calves until 7 days after birth were significantly (p<0.01) higher than those of adult cows, and showed the maximum levels at 1 day after birth. Thereafter, they decreased rapidly until 5 days after birth. The levels at 2 weeks after birth were significantly (p<0.05) ...

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“…The detrimental effects of iodine deficiency have been well reported in the veterinary literature as thyroid hyperplasia or goiter (Seimiya et al . ; Ong et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological findings of Japanese Black Cattle living in the restricted area of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, 2013–2016

Sasaki

Hiratani

Sato

et al. 2017

Animal Science Journal

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Fifty-one Japanese black cattle from four farms in the evacuation zone of the Fukushima nuclear accident were examined pathologically during the period, 2013-2016. We found no evidence of a radiation effect on pathological findings in any of these autopsy cases, although nine cases (3.7%) of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and three cases (1.2%) of goiter were diagnosed. Estimated integrating dose of external exposure in EBL cases ranged from a maximum of 1200 mSv to a minimum of 72 mSv. Clinically, five cases showed wobble, dysstasia or paralysis. Exophthalmos was observed in three cases. Macroscopically, enlarged lymph nodes, multiple irregular masses of intra-abdominal and intrapelvic adipose tissue, diffuse thickening of the abomasal submucosa with ulceration, and numerous white nodules of myocardium were observed. Histologically, neoplastic lymphoid cells were extensively proliferated and infiltrated in the lesions. Lymphoid tumor cells showed mature or large lymphoblastic appearance. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for BLA-36, CD20 and CD5, and negative for CD3. Three cases showed diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland with no mass or nodule lesion. Histologically, diffuse proliferation of follicular epithelium was observed with preservation of normal structures. There were no malignant findings such as cellular atypia or invasion to capsule.

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Epidemiological and Pathological Studies on Congenital Diffuse Hyperplastic Goiter in Calves.

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Pathological characteristics of thyroid glands from Japanese Black Cattle living in the restricted area of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

Pathological characteristics of thyroid glands from Japanese Black Cattle living in the restricted area of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

Changes in Serum Thyroid Hormone Levels in Newborn Calves as a Diagnostic Index of Endemic Goiter.

Pathological findings of Japanese Black Cattle living in the restricted area of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, 2013–2016

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