Epidemiological and nutritional transition in Mexico: rapid increase of non-communicable chronic diseases and obesity

Rivera, Juan Á.; Barquera, Sı́món; Campirano, Fabricio; Campos‐Nonato, Ismael; Safdie, Margarita; Tovar, Víctor

doi:10.1079/phn2001282

Cited by 302 publications

(286 citation statements)

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“…In Mexico mortality rates due to diabetes, hypertension and acute myocardial infarction have increased dramatically in parallel with the prevalence of obesity in adults and children. Increases in fat intake and purchases of sugar and refined carbohydrates, particularly soda, may be related to increases in overweight, obesity and mortality due to dietrelated causes (Rivera et al, 2002). Figure 1 Weight for age percentiles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mexican anthropometric percentiles for ages 10–18

et al. 2007

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Objective: To elaborate Mexican growth charts based on international methodology. Design: Data were obtained from the Mexican National Health Survey. The survey was stratified and probabilistic representative of all the country.Setting: Nationwide open population living in urban and rural areas. Subjects: Boys (8545) and girls (9983) from 10 to 18 years participating in the survey. Methods: Age, weight and height were recorded. Empirical percentiles were calculated and smoothed. Smoothed curves were approximated using least-mean square estimation. Results : Tables and figures for percentile values of weight, height and body mass index (BMI) for age, as well as percentile values of weight and BMI for height for both genders are presented. Regarding 50th BMI for age percentiles, Mexicans had higher levels than the Americans in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts; Mexicans were lower but had similar weights than the Americans. Owing to the high BMI, the percentile corresponding to an overweight level (25 kg/m 2 ) at 18 years was 74.5 in boys and 72.5 in girls, whereas obesity level (30 kg/m 2 ) at 18 years was 97.3 and 97.4 in boys and girls, respectively. Conclusions: The present growth charts are snapshots of a Mexican population. Because the high median BMI compared to US and World Health Organization standards, we must be cautious in establishing an upper normal cutoff for clinical normality, not merely selecting the 85th and 95th percentiles as equivalents of overweight and obesity, respectively. Therefore, we proposed percentiles 74.5 in boys and 72.5 in girls as the action points of overweight as they are the percentiles corresponding to BMI 25 kg/m 2 at 18 years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Mexico, the prevalence of obesity in children under 5 years of age increased from 4.2% in 1988 to 5.3% in 1999 (Rivera et al, 2002). The 2006 National Survey for Health and Nutrition in Mexico found a decrease in stunting of 5-to 11-year-old children from 1999 to 2006 (from 16.1 to 10.4% in boys and from 16 to 9.5% in girls).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mexican anthropometric percentiles for ages 10–18

et al. 2007

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“…For instance, based on the economic difficulties experienced in Mexico during the last ten years, we speculate that recently, diets of a vast section of the population include lower amounts of animal-based foods. Rivera et al 28 found that the purchase of meat and meat-products decreased in the 14 year period from 1984 to 1998. The lack of public health interventions to prevent and treat iron deficiency may contribute to the increase in the prevalence of anemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemia in Mexican women: a public health problem

Shamah‐Levy¹,

Villalpando²,

Rivera³

et al. 2003

Salud pública Méx

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Objective. The purpose of this study is to quantify the prevalence and distribution of anemia among women of childbearing age (12 to 49 years) participating in the 1999 National Nutrition Survey (NNS-1999). Material and Methods. The survey had a probabilistic design and was representative at the national level, of urban and rural areas and four regions: North, South, Center, and Mexico City. Hemoglobin concentration was determined in capillary blood samples using a portable photometer (HemoCue), in 17 194 women, 697 of whom were pregnant. Results. The overall prevalence of anemia was 27.8% in pregnant women and 20.8% in non-pregnant women. Higher prevalences were observed in rural as compared to urban areas, both in pregnant (28.0% vs 27.7%) and non-pregnant (22.6% vs 20.0%) women, but the differences were not statistically significant (p >0.05). Women in the South had the greatest prevalence (23.2%), followed by those in the North (20.9%), Center (20.6%), and Mexico City (16.4%). Non-pregnant indigenous women had a prevalence of 24.8%, while in non-indigenous women the prevalence was 20.4%. Conclusions. Anemia in women of childbearing age is a growing public health problem that justifies the implementation of interventions for its prevention and control. The English version of this paper is available too at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html Shamah-Levy T et alA nemia is the most frequent nutritiona-related disease worldwide, affecting half of children and pregnant women and between 20 and 25% of non-pregnant women in developing countries. 1 Both nutritional and non-nutritional factors may cause anemia. The most common nutritional cause is iron deficiency. Other nutritional causes are deficiencies of vitamin B 12 , folic acid, and vitamin A. [2][3][4] Among the non-nutritional causes of anemia are intestinal parasitic infections such as uncinariasis and trichinosis. [5][6][7][8] Other causes include hemodilution during pregnancy, concurrent acute and chronic infections, and menstrual bleeding. 9,10 Iron deficiency also has deleterious effects on the immune response, exercise endurance, cognitive ability, and psychosocial development. 11,12 The extent to which anemia affects the health of mothers and of their newborns is not completely established, but some studies suggest that anemia during pregnancy has adverse effects on both the mother and the fetus. 13,14 Moreover, severe anemia greatly increases the risk of maternal death. 10,14 Insufficient maternal iron stores are reflected in low iron stores in the newborn, leading to increased risk of iron deficiency in the first months of life. Iron deficiency may also have long-term consequences on the health of both mother and child. For example, iron deficiency anemia is associated with birth weight and pre-term birth.The most recent information on the extent and distribution of anemia in Mexico was reported in the 1988 National Nutrition Survey. 15 The present study was designed to quantify the prevalence and describe the distribution of anemia in women...

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“…Recent studies among US Latinos suggest that dietary acculturation processes may be harmful or protective, depending on dietary patterns, social circumstances and environmental factors in the countries of origin (Kaiser 2009, Perez-Escamilla 2009, Lara et al 2005, Rivera et al 2002, Neuhauser et al 2004, Handley and Grieshop 2007. To explore these processes, investigators have conducted binational studies to help distinguish potentially health-enhancing pre-migration dietary behaviours from those that may be harmful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%