Epidemiological and etiological variations in hepatocellular carcinoma

Sagnelli, Caterina; Macera, Margherita; Russo, Antonio; Coppola, Nicola

doi:10.1007/s15010-019-01345-y

Cited by 158 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Our results were also consistent with various studies that assessed the transition in the etiologies of HCC in Japan [23,24]. In addition, we showed that HCV infection still maintained an important role in the clinical practice of HCC, despite an increase in non-viral HCC, and the results seemed to be consistent with the data reported from outside Japan [25][26][27][28]. These findings suggested that our results appropriately reflect recent trends in the etiologies of HCC.…”

Section: J Gastroenterolsupporting

confidence: 92%

The transition in the etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma-complicated liver cirrhosis in a nationwide survey of Japan

et al. 2020

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Background We recently reported the real-world changes in the etiologies of liver cirrhosis (LC) based on nationwide survey data and assessed the etiologies of LC with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Fifty-five participants from 68 institutions provided data on 23,637 patients with HCC-complicated LC. The changing trends in etiologies were assessed. We further analyzed the data from 29 hospitals that provided the annual number of newly identified HCC-complicated LC patients from 2008 to 2016 (N = 9362) without any missing years and assessed the transition in the real number of newly identified HCC-complicated LC cases. Results In the overall cohort, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (60.3%) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (12.9%) were the leading and third-most common causes of HCC-complicated LC in Japan, respectively. HCV infection was found to be the leading cause throughout Japan. The rate of viral hepatitis-related HCC decreased from 85.3 to 64.4%. Among non-viral etiologies, notable increases were observed in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related HCC (from 1.5 to 7.2%) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD)-related HCC (from 8.5 to 18.6%). Regarding the real number of newly diagnosed patients, the number of patients with viral hepatitis-related HCC decreased, while the number of patients with non-viral HCC, particularly NASH-related HCC, increased. Conclusions Viral hepatitis has remained the main cause of HCC in Japan. However, the decrease in viral hepatitis-related HCC, particularly HCV-related HCC highly contributed to the etiological changes. In addition, the increased incidence of non-viral HCC, particularly NASH-related HCC, was involved in the changing etiologies of HCC-complicated LC in Japan.

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Section: J Gastroenterolsupporting

confidence: 92%

The transition in the etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma-complicated liver cirrhosis in a nationwide survey of Japan

et al. 2020

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“…Liver tumors are the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for more than 80% of all primary hepatic neoplasms diagnosed [1] . The incidence of HCC is directly linked to exposure to known risk factors, the most common of which are viral hepatitis, chronic/heavy ethanol (EtOH) consumption, aflatoxin ingestion, and obesity [2] , [3] , [4] – 5] . Hepatosteatosis (increased hepatic lipid uptake/storage) is a common pathological feature in alcohol-dependent and obese patients [2 , 6] , and a significant factor in the progression of viral hepatitis-induced liver disease [7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid binding protein-4 promotes alcohol-dependent hepatosteatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma progression

Attal

Sullivan

Girardi

et al. 2021

Translational Oncology

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“…There is a striking variation in HCC incidence rates across geographic regions and at the global level, each year over 800,000 people are diagnosed with liver cancer (4,5). HCC cases are highest in Eastern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, followed by intermediate rates in Southern and Western European countries, North and Central America, and the lowest incidence rates are observed in and Northern Europe and South Central Asia (6,7). HCC predominantly affects men more than women (two to four times higher in men) with its highest incidence in the age group of 45-65 years (8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Special Focus on Fatty Liver Disease

2020

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Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive cancer with mortality running parallel to its incidence and has limited therapeutic options. Chronic liver inflammation and injury contribute significantly to the development and progression of HCC. Several factors such as gender, age, ethnicity, and demographic regions increase the HCC incidence rates and the major risk factors are chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), carcinogens (food contaminants, tobacco smoking, and environmental toxins), and inherited diseases. In recent years evidence highlights the association of metabolic syndrome (diabetes and obesity), excessive alcohol consumption (alcoholic fatty liver disease), and high-calorie intake (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) to be the prime causes for HCC in countries with a westernized sedentary lifestyle. HCC predominantly occurs in the setting of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (80%), however, 20% of the cases have been known in patients with non-cirrhotic liver. It is widely believed that there exist possible interactions between different etiological agents leading to the involvement of diverse mechanisms in the pathogenesis of HCC. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC development and progression is imperative in developing effective targeted therapies to combat this deadly disease. Noteworthy, a detailed understanding of the risk factors is also critical to improve the screening, early detection, prevention, and management of HCC. Thus, this review recapitulates the etiology of HCC focusing especially on the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)- and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD)-associated HCC.

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Epidemiological and etiological variations in hepatocellular carcinoma

Cited by 158 publications

References 100 publications

The transition in the etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma-complicated liver cirrhosis in a nationwide survey of Japan

The transition in the etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma-complicated liver cirrhosis in a nationwide survey of Japan

Fatty acid binding protein-4 promotes alcohol-dependent hepatosteatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma progression

Etiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Special Focus on Fatty Liver Disease

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