Epidemiological and Clinical Risk Factors for Endometriosis

Farland, Leslie V.; Shah, Divya; Kvaskoff, Marina; Zondervan, Krina T.; Missmer, Stacey A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59856-7_6

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…Tubal ligation has been hypothesized to decrease endometriosis risk through blocking retrograde menstruation from reaching the pelvic cavity. However, the association between tubal ligation and endometriosis is difficult to interpret since endometriosis is characterized by infertility and women who seek a tubal ligation are more likely to be parous than the general population (3, 39, 40). The association between oral contraceptive use and endometriosis risk is mixed with most (27, 41) but not all showing a decreased risk for current users but an increased risk for past users.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, retrograde menstruation is common (perhaps universal among menstruating women) while endometriosis is much less common. Therefore, other factors, such as hormonal, inflammatory, or immunologic milieu may determine whether lesions deposited in the pelvic cavity implant and persist [3–6]. Alternatively, endometriosis lesions may arise from Müllerian remnants that did not properly differentiate or migrate during fetal development or from circulating blood cells that transdifferentiate into endometriosis [7–9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Clinical Management

Parasar

Özcan

Terry

2017

Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep

483

384

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Purpose of review Endometriosis is a disease of adolescents and reproductive-aged women characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity and commonly associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Here we review the epidemiology of endometriosis as well as potential biomarkers for detection and with the goal of highlighting risk factors that could be used in combination with biomarkers to identify and treat women with endometriosis earlier.. Recent findings Early age at menarche, shorter menstrual length, and taller height are associated with a higher risk of endometriosis while parity, higher body mass index (BMI) and smoking are associated with decreased risk. Endometriosis often presents as infertility or continued pelvic pain despite treatment with analgesics and cyclic oral contraceptive pills. Summary Despite a range of symptoms, diagnosis of endometriosis is often delayed due to lack of non-invasive, definitive and consistent biomarkers for diagnosis of endometriosis. Hormone therapy and analgesics are used for treatment of symptomatic endometriosis. However, the efficacy of these treatments are limited as endometriosis often recurs. In this review, we describe potential diagnostic biomarkers and risk factors that may be used as early non-invasive in vitro tools for identification of endometriosis to minimize diagnostic delay and improve reproductive health of patients.

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Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Clinical Management

Parasar

Özcan

Terry

2017

Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep

483

384

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A number of risk factors have been reported to increase the risk of developing endometriosis, such as low birth weight, in utero exposure to chemicals such as the non-steroidal estrogen diethylstilbestrol, early age of menarche, shorter menstrual cycles, and a low body mass index (BMI), while giving birth and breast feeding have been associated with a protective effect. 7 Lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise have also been reported to affect the risk of developing the disease. 2 However, in each case, the effect was small, indicating that the predictive value of individual environmental and lifestyle factors to develop endometriosis is limited.…”

Section: The Challenging Nature Of Endometriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in uncovering non-invasive biomarkers of endometriosis

Hudson

Perricos

Wenzl

et al. 2020

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Endometriosis affects up to 10% of women of childbearing age, causing symptoms that can include chronic pelvic pain and reduced fertility. The symptoms are not specific to the disease and can be confused with other gynecological conditions or normal menstruation. Currently, the disease can be only definitively diagnosed by laparoscopy, as no clinically accepted biomarker exists. Biomarker discovery can either follow a hypothesis-driven approach selecting targets to be tested based on current knowledge of the disease, or take an unbiased high-throughput screening “omics” approach, such as transcriptomics or proteomics, to identify markers that are unique or elevated in accessible bodily fluids of patients with the disease. Numerous studies have been conducted using these approaches to try and identify endometriosis biomarkers, but variabilities in study design, cohort selection, and analysis, together with the fact that most studies were small-scale, have made independent validation of biomarker candidates difficult. Therefore, efforts are underway to standardize cohort selection, patient data, and sample collection to allow better cross-study comparisons. Large scale multi-center studies using this standardized approach are necessary to validate existing endometriosis biomarker candidates and uncover potential new markers. Given the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease, it is likely that a panel of biomarkers will be necessary to diagnose and categorize endometriosis. Impact statement Endometriosis is a common disease affecting reproductive age women, which is associated with chronic pain and reduced fertility reducing the quality of life of many women. Definitive diagnosis requires invasive laparoscopic surgery creating a high barrier to diagnosis that can delay the onset of treatment significantly. Clinically approved biomarkers of endometriosis are currently lacking, making the discovery and validation of biomarkers that would lead to earlier diagnosis a priority for improving treatment of the disease.

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“…The etiology of this disease remains obscure despite several hypotheses how endometriosis develop. Therefore, many various factors, hormonal, inflammatory or immunological, may determine whether deposits in the pelvic cavity may implant and persist 7 – 9 . Endometriosis seems to be associated with antibody self-reactivity and chronic local inflammation, coexisting also with autoimmune disease, but this does not seem to be a common phenomenon 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of serum IgG sialylation and galactosylation degree in women with advanced endometriosis

Sołkiewicz

Krotkiewski

Jędryka

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease which diagnostics is difficult and often invasive, therefore non-invasive diagnostics methods and parameters are needed for endometriosis detection. The aim of our study was to analyse the glycosylation of native serum IgG and IgG isolated from sera of women classified as: with endometriosis, without endometriosis but with some benign ginecological disease, and control group of healthy women, in context of its utility for differentiation of advanced endometriosis from the group of healthy women. IgG sialylation and galactosylation/agalactosylation degree was determined using specific lectins: MAA and SNA detecting sialic acid α2,3- and α2,6-linked, respectively, RCA-I and GSL-II specific to terminal Gal and terminal GlcNAc, respectively. The results of ROC and cluster analysis showed that the serum IgG MAA-reactivity, sialylation and agalactosylation factor may be used as supplementary parameters for endometriosis diagnostics and could be taken into account as a useful clinical tool to elucidate women with high risk of endometriosis development. Additionally, we have shown that the analysis of native serum IgG glycosylation, without the prior time-consuming and expensive isolation of the protein, is sufficient to differentiation endometriosis from a group of healthy women.

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Epidemiological and Clinical Risk Factors for Endometriosis

Cited by 11 publications

References 185 publications

Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Clinical Management

Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Clinical Management

Challenges in uncovering non-invasive biomarkers of endometriosis

Variability of serum IgG sialylation and galactosylation degree in women with advanced endometriosis

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