Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of vaccinated COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Tian, Wen; Ren, Xiaotun; Han, Mei; Zhang, Yuanyuan; Gao, Xu; Chen, Zhihai; Zhang, Wei

doi:10.1177/03946320221141802

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…In this study, we describe frequency, duration, and concentration of SARS-CoV-2, PMMoV, and mtDNA shedding in fecal specimens from inpatient and outpatient study subjects with COVID-19 over a 42 day period after the confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Consistent with other reports (24–26), study subjects who had been vaccinated but had breakthrough infections were less likely to exhibit some clinical symptoms, such as cough, diarrhea, fever, loss of smell, loss of taste, and shortness of breath, compared to unvaccinated study subjects. Inpatient participants were more likely to be shedding SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their fecal specimens and had higher concentrations of the virus in their stool compared to outpatient participants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Longitudinal Fecal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2, Pepper Mild Mottle Virus, and Human Mitochondrial DNA in COVID-19 Patients

Liu,

Sablon,

Wang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been widely applied in many countries and regions for monitoring COVID-19 transmission in the population through testing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in wastewater. However, the lack of dynamic level of viral shedding in the wastewater and accurate number of infections in the community creates challenges in predicting COVID-19 prevalence in the population and interpreting WBE results. In this study, we measured SARS-CoV-2, pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), and human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in longitudinal fecal samples collected from 42 COVID-19 patients for up to 42 days after diagnosis. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 73.1% (19/26) of inpatient study participants in at least one of the collected fecal specimens during the sampling period. Most participants shed the virus within three weeks after diagnosis, but five inpatient participants still shed the virus between 20 and 60 days after diagnosis. The median concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in positive fecal samples was 1.08x105 genome copies (GC)/gram dry fecal material. PMMoV and mtDNA were detected in 99.4% (154/155) and 100% (155/155) of all fecal samples, respectively. The median concentrations of PMMoV RNA and mtDNA in fecal samples were 1.73x107 and 2.49x108 GC/dry gram, respectively. These results provide important information about the dynamics of fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 and two human fecal indicators in COVID-19 patients. mtDNA showed higher positive rates, higher concentrations, and less variability between and within individuals than PMMoV, suggesting that mtDNA could be a better normalization factor for WBE results than PMMoV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Longitudinal Fecal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2, Pepper Mild Mottle Virus, and Human Mitochondrial DNA in COVID-19 Patients

Liu,

Sablon,

Wang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The proportion of vaccinated people hospitalized for COVID-19 increased in the second half of 2021 and 2022 [12,14,15]. The increase in vaccination rate over time, newly emerging variants, a lack of booster doses, and the waning effectiveness of vaccination over time may be the primary reasons for this situation [5,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of vaccination on ICU admissions of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a country with a heterologous vaccine policy

Yıldırım,

Kirakli,

Özdemir

et al. 2024

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Vaccination against coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is highly effective in preventing severe disease and mortality. Adenoviral vector and mRNA vaccines were effective against intensive care unit (ICU) admission, but the effectiveness of inactivated vaccine on ICU admission was unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of vaccination status on ICU admission in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a country with heterologous vaccination policy. Methodology: This is a retrospective multicenter study conducted in three hospitals in Izmir, Turkey between 1 January 2021 and 31 March 2022. Patients aged ≥ 18 years and hospitalized due to COVID-19 were included in the study. Patients who had never been vaccinated and patients who had been vaccinated with a single dose were considered unvaccinated. A logistic regression analysis was performed for evaluating risk factors for ICU admission. Results: A total of 2,110 patients were included in the final analysis. The median age was 66 years (IQR, 53-76 years) and 54% of the patients were vaccinated. During the study period, 407 patients (19.3%) were transferred to the ICU due to disease severity. Patients who were admitted to the ICU were older (median age 68 vs. 65 years, p < 0.001); and the number of unvaccinated individuals was higher among ICU patients (57% vs. 45%, p < 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, being unvaccinated was found to be the most important independent risk factor for ICU admission with an OR of 2.06 (95% CI, 1.64-2.59). Conclusions: Vaccination against COVID-19 is effective against ICU admission and hospital mortality.

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“…We found that, due to the widespread administration of vaccines in the latter half of the pandemic, there has been a change in the presentation of COVID-19 symptoms among confirmed cases. In 2022, Tian et al [ 54 ] conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the clinical characteristics and presentation of patients who received COVID-19 vaccinations vs those who did not. The results showed that the vaccinated group exhibited a significant reduction in certain clinical symptoms, such as fever and cough.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic accuracy of clinical signs and symptoms of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the different estimates in a different stage of the pandemic outbreak

Chen

Tian

et al. 2023

J Glob Health

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Background The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic caused enormous adverse socioeconomic impacts worldwide. Evidence suggests that the diagnostic accuracy of clinical features of COVID-19 may vary among different populations. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and the WHO Global Health Library for studies evaluating the accuracy of clinical features to predict and prognosticate COVID-19. We used the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool to evaluate the risk of bias, and the random-effects approach to obtain pooled prevalence, sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios. Results Among the 189 included studies (53 659 patients), fever, cough, diarrhoea, dyspnoea, and fatigue were the most reported predictors. In the later stage of the pandemic, the sensitivity in predicting COVID-19 of fever and cough decreased, while the sensitivity of other symptoms, including sputum production, sore throat, myalgia, fatigue, dyspnoea, headache, and diarrhoea, increased. A combination of fever, cough, fatigue, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus increases the odds of having a COVID-19 diagnosis in patients with a positive test (positive likelihood ratio (PLR) = 3.06)) and decreases the odds in those with a negative test (negative likelihood ratio (NLR) = 0.59)). A combination of fever, cough, sputum production, myalgia, fatigue, and dyspnea had a PLR = 10.44 and an NLR = 0.16 in predicting severe COVID-19. Further updating the umbrella review (1092 studies, including 3 342 969 patients) revealed the different prevalence of symptoms in different stages of the pandemic. Conclusions Understanding the possible different distributions of predictors is essential for screening for potential COVID-19 infection and severe outcomes. Understanding that the prevalence of symptoms may change with time is important to developing a prediction model.

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Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of vaccinated COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Cited by 7 publications

References 90 publications

Longitudinal Fecal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2, Pepper Mild Mottle Virus, and Human Mitochondrial DNA in COVID-19 Patients

Longitudinal Fecal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2, Pepper Mild Mottle Virus, and Human Mitochondrial DNA in COVID-19 Patients

Impact of vaccination on ICU admissions of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a country with a heterologous vaccine policy

Diagnostic accuracy of clinical signs and symptoms of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the different estimates in a different stage of the pandemic outbreak

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