Epidemiological analysis of respiratory viral etiology for influenza-like illness during 2010 in Zhuhai, China

Abstract

BackgroundInfluenza-like illnesses (ILI), a subset of acute respiratory infections (ARI), are a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. ILI can be caused by numerous pathogens, however; there is limited information on the etiology and epidemiology of ILI in China.MethodsWe performed a one-year surveillance study (2010) of viral etiology causing ILI and investigated the influence of climate on outbreaks of ILI attributed to viruses at the Outpatient Department of Zhuhai Municipal People’s Hospital in Zhuhai, China.ResultsOf the 337,272 outpatients who sought attention in the Outpatient Department of Zhuhai Municipal People’s Hospital in 2010, 3,747 (1.11%) presented with ILI. Of these patients presenting with ILI, 24.66% (924/3,747) had available samples and were enrolled in this study. At least one respiratory virus was identified in 411 patients (44.48%) and 42 (4.55%) were co-infected with two viruses. In patients co-infected with two viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was detected in 50% (21/42). Among common viral pathogens detected, significant differences in age distributions were observed in seasonal influenza virus A (sFulA, H3N2) and B (sFluB), pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza viruses (H1N1pdm09), RSV, and adenovirus (ADV). Infections with sFluA (H3N2), sFluB, RSV, and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) had characteristic seasonal patterns. The incidences of sFluA (H3N2), ADV, and RSV correlated with air temperature. Alternatively, the incidence of sFluB correlated with relative air humidity.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that a wide range of respiratory viral pathogens are circulating in Zhuhai city. This information needs to be considered by clinicians when treating patients presenting with ILI.

Epidemiological characteristics and pathogens attributable to hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shanghai, 2008–2013

“…This is consistent with the findings of other researchers [7,17,18]. A male predominance of HFMD was observed in our study, which is consistent with that of precious reports [7,19,20]. The reason for the difference observed in gender incidence rates is still unknown.…”

“…Migrants usually have no access to urban medical insurance and local government-funded medical assistance programs. A seasonal peak of HFMD occurs in Mayor June of each year, and two peaks were observed in 2011-2013, which is similar to the results of other reports [12,19,22]. Previous studies have demonstrated that seasonal patterns of HFMD were associated with climatic factors, such as temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation [23][24][25][26].…”

Respiratory Viral Test Results in Children

“…Infected adults often present with acute respiratory infections, while 13% of children less than 5 years old present with lower respiratory tract infection (13). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are 3-5 million severe cases of influenza and 250,000-500,000 deaths due to influenza annually (14). Although it is clear that influenza is a worldwide problem, the overall etiologies of acute respiratory system infections and pneumonia are still largely unknown (15).…”

“…Although it is clear that influenza is a worldwide problem, the overall etiologies of acute respiratory system infections and pneumonia are still largely unknown (15). Adenoviruses are responsible for approximately 7-8% of reported childhood viral respiratory infections, and they cause a board spectrum of clinical diseases, such as respiratory tract infections, pharyngoconjuctival fever, conjunctivitis, hemorrhagic cystitis, and gastroenteritis (14). RSV can cause severe infections in infants and young children, and it is the leading cause of bronchiolitis in children under one year of age in the United States (16)(17)(18).…”

The potential impact of climate change and ultraviolet radiation on vaccine-preventable infectious diseases and immunization service delivery system

“…Temperature was assessed by seven out of nine available studies about various types of influenza [57][58][59][60][61][62][63], however, two studies [59,61] demonstrated an inverse association between temperature and the incidence of seasonal influenza or influenzalike illness (ILI). A positive association between temperature and the incidence of severe acute respiratory infection or influenza H3N2 was reported by two studies [58,60].…”