Epidemiological analysis of infection by the bovine viral diarrhea virus on family farms in Brazil

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of infection by the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) on family farms, as well as to study the risk factors associated with the infection. In total, 319 blood serum samples were collected from cattle, of reproductive age (>24 months) in 24 herds from 11 cities of the brejo microregion in Pernambuco. The samples were subjected to the seroneutralization test to detect anti-BVDV antibodies. In order to identify the risk factors associated with the BVDV, a questionnaire epidemiologic was applied and followed by statistical analysis of logistic regression, with the serological test considered as the dependent variable (reagent or non-reagent). A prevalence of 51.1% (163/319; C.I. 45.5% -56.7%) was found in the present study. Of the 24 herds sampled, 100.0% contained at least one reagent animal. The prevalence in the counties ranged from 23.1% to 70.0%. The following risk factors were identified in the present study: not providing colostrum (OR 3.85; p=0.018); disease unknown (OR 2.54; p=0.001) and consortium breeding (OR 1.76; p=0.013). Based on these results, it was clear that BVDV infection is widespread in herds on family farms in the microregion studied herein. Health education policies must be implemented for producers and professionals who provide technical assistance. In addition, based on the risk factors identified in the present study, hygiene-sanitary measures should be implemented in order to reduce the prevalence of the BVDV. Key words: BVDV. Cattle. Diagnosis. Risk factors. ResumoObjetivou-se com este estudo determinar a soroprevalência e estudar os fatores de risco associados à infecção pelo vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) nas unidades produtivas de agricultura familiar. Foram coletadas 319 amostras de soro sanguíneo, de bovinos em idade reprodutiva (>24 meses), procedentes de 24 rebanhos bovinos em 11 municípios da microrregião brejo pernambucano. As amostras foram submetidas ao teste de soroneutralização para detecção de anticorpos anti-BVDV. Para a identificação dos fatores de risco associados ao BVDV, foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico e foi realizada uma análise estatística de regressão logística, considerando como variável dependente o exame sorológico (reagente ou não reagente). Observou-se com este estudo uma prevalência de 51,1% (163/319; I.C. 45,5% -56,7%). Dos 24 rebanhos amostrados, 100% apresentaram pelo menos um animal reagente. A prevalência nos municípios variou de 23,1% a 70,0%. Os fatores de risco identificados neste estudo foram: não fornecer colostro (OR 3,85; p=0,018); não conhecer a enfermidade (OR 2,54; p=0,001) e criação consorciada (OR 1,76; p=0,013). Diante dos resultados obtidos, constatou-se que a infecção pelo BVDV está disseminada nos rebanhos de agricultura familiar na microrregião estudada e que políticas de educação em saúde devem ser implementadas tanto para os produtores como para os profissionais que prestam assistência técnica. Além disso, medidas higiênico-sanitárias com base n...

Seroprevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and Its Associated Risk Factors in Dairy Cattle in and Around Assela Town, South East Ethiopia

“…The present nding was the smallest seroprevalence reported when compared with the different studies in Ethiopia and much lower from the reported prevalence of 78.8% in Mexico, 77.9% in Iran, 64.4% in Nigeria, 61.6% in Croatia, 51.1% in Bangladesh and 33.2 in Malaysia by [43], [44], [45], [46], and [47], respectively in different parts of the world. The low prevalence of the present study might be due to differences in sample size, sampling frame, study periods, breeds of animals, cattle management systems and the speci city and sensitivity of the kits used.…”

Occurrence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Virus Infections in Buffaloes in Pernambuco state - Brazil

“…A cross sectional study was carried out in eight properties distributed in six counties in Pernambuco state, Brazil. To compose the study sample, a total of 10,500 heads [20] was analyzed, with an expected prevalence of 51.1% for BVDV [26] and 79.5% for IBR [31]. These parameters provided a minimum sample size of 196 for BVDV and 128 animals for IBR, with a 95% confidence interval, and a statistical error of 7% [33].…”

Seroprevalence and intercurrence of reproductive pathogens in cattle from family farms in North of Minas Gerais, Brazil

“…are individually reported in cattle herds throughout the country (Cortez et al, 2006;Lobato et al, 2015;Richtzenhain et al, 1999a;Richtzenhain et al, 1999b), including Minas Gerais State (Araújo, Moreira, Naveda, Silva, & Contreras, 2005;Castro et al, 1992;. A few studies described the presence of these pathogens also in family farms from the States of Mato Grosso do Sul (Tomich et al, 2009), Paraíba (R. M. Oliveira et al, 2013), Pernambuco (Rêgo et al, 2016) and Rondônia (Okuda et al, 2006), however, the intercurrence of these five agents was not previously evaluated in this type of cattle raising system in Brazil. The determination of the prevalence of seropositive animals and herds, and the simultaneous occurrence of different infectious agents, besides the association between common risk factors and those infections or co-infections, can be very useful to optimize reproductive disease control programs in family farms.…”