Epidemiological Analyses of the Associations between bovine udder health and milking machine and milking management

Østerås, Olav; Lund, Arve

doi:10.1016/0167-5877(88)90047-5

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In other studies, aspects of milking technology such as less frequent technology check, automatic cluster removal, high milking vacuum and cleanliness of milking parlor have been reported to have a negative influence on udder health (Østeras and Lund, 1988;Barkema et al, 1998), whereas in general, the factors of milking technology and feeding of lactating cows in the presented investigation show no significant association to udder health. It is important to know that under Swiss conditions the milking technology is of a high standard because the milking equipment has to be tested annually.…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 40%

“…Langford et al (2008) found management and disease treatment differences between organic and conventional farms in the UK. In general, the quality of management and milking technology plays an important role in udder health control (Østeras and Lund, 1988;Chassagne et al, 2005;Svensson et al, 2006). Straw yard housing was associated with reduced udder health (Peeler et al, 2000;Barnouin et al, 2005) whereas all measures improving barn and cubicle hygiene had a positive impact on udder health (Barkema et al, 1998;Koster et al, 2006;O'Reilly et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management factors affecting udder health and effects of a one year extension program in organic dairy herds

Ivemeyer

Walkenhorst

Heil

et al. 2009

Animal

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The first part of this study was a cross-sectional analysis of the impact of 29 management factors on udder health in organic dairy farms in Switzerland. All 77 farms joined the extension program 'pro-Q'. As a measure of udder health the theoretical bulk milk somatic cell count (TBMSCC) calculated by the monthly cow composite somatic cell count over a time period of 1 year was chosen. The basic udder health of the farms was determined by TBMSCC during the year prior to the start of the project (mean for all farms 5 176 460 cells/ml). In the multivariable analysis, the five factors 'swiss brown breed', 'alpine summer pasturing', 'calf feeding with milk from mastitis diseased cows', 'hard bedding' and 'no post-milking' remained as significant risk factors on udder health. In the second part of the study, the development of management factors and the udder health situation affected by an extension program after 1 year was investigated. A partial improvement of the management factors on the farms but no overall improvement on udder health and no association between management changes and udder health changes were found. Improvement of udder health was more likely in farms with higher basic TBMSCC than in those farms with less udder health problems at the beginning of the project.

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Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 40%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management factors affecting udder health and effects of a one year extension program in organic dairy herds

Ivemeyer

Walkenhorst

Heil

et al. 2009

Animal

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“…A positive relationship between increasing working vacuum and the milk somatic cell counts (SCC) has been found in buffalo (Badran, 1992;Pazzona and Murgia, 1992). High SCC reduce buffalo milk production and quality because of the negative effect on milk and lactose (Cerón-Muñoz et al, 2002), as already described in cows (Galton and Mahle, 1980;Langlois et al, 1980;Osteras and Lund, 1988) where increasing vacuum levels negatively affected the teat condition and increased the incidence of mastitis. By contrast, a longer milking time and a higher frequency of the teat cups falling off are the principal negative factors caused by lowering the milking vacuum level (Spencer and Rogers, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Effect of vacuum level on milk flow traits in Mediterranean Italian buffalo cow

Caria

Boselli

Murgia

et al. 2012

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of six different working vacuum levels (range 37-52 kPa) on the milk production, milk flow rate and milking times of Mediterranean Italian buffalo. A total of 801 milk flow curves of 450 animals of different parity and at different stages of lactation were recorded at random by electronic milk flow meters (Lactocorder ® ) over a period of 12 weeks. The vacuum level did not significantly affect the individual milk production per milking (average 4.02±0.06 kg). Lower vacuum level resulted in a decrease in average and peak flow rate (P<0.001), and an increase in effective milking time between attaching the teat cup and reaching the value of 0.20 kg/min at the end of milking (P<0.001). Vacuum levels of 37 and 40 kPa provided good milkability conditions, in which the plateau phase was longer than the decline phase while lag time was not affected by vacuum level.

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“…Therefore, hygienic management practices to reduce contamination with pathogens in the cow's environment e.g. a clean and comfortable cubicle with good quality and quantity of bedding material are a prerequisite for udder health and optimal milk quality (Osteras and Lund, 1988;Barkema et al, 1998;Elbers et al, 1998;Schukken et al, 1990;van Gastelen et al, 2011).…”

Section: Housing Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proper milking procedures include, among others, wearing gloves during milking, sufficient prestimulation of the udder, avoidance of over milking, post-milking teat dipping, post-milking standing time and milking cows with mastitis last (Plozza et al, 2011;Sandrucci et al, 2007;Watters et al, 2013). Proper maintenance and use of milking equipment covers the settings of the vacuum level, the pulsator rate, the pulsator ratio and yearly inspection of these settings, good fit between teat and teat cup liner, in time renewal of liners and other equipment (Schmidt et al, 1963;Osteras and Lund, 1988;Barkema et al, 1999).…”

Section: Mastitis Control Programmesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk

report¹

2015

EFSA Journal

119

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Raw drinking milk (RDM) has a diverse microbial flora which can include pathogens transmissible to humans. The main microbiological hazards associated with RDM from cows, sheep and goats, horses and donkeys and camels were identified using a decision tree approach. This considered evidence of milk-borne infection and the hazard being present in the European Union (EU), the impact of the hazard on human health and whether there was evidence for RDM as an important risk factor in the EU. The main hazards were Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Brucella melitensis, Mycobacterium bovis and tick-borne encephalitis virus, and there are clear links between drinking raw milk and human illness associated with these hazards. A quantitative microbiological risk assessment for these hazards could not be undertaken because country and EU-wide data are limited. Antimicrobial resistance has been reported in several EU countries in some of the main bacterial hazards isolated from raw milk or associated equipment and may be significant for public health. Sale of RDM through vending machines is permitted in some EU countries, although consumers purchasing such milk are usually instructed to boil the milk before consumption, which would eliminate microbiological risks. With respect to internet sales of RDM, there is a need for microbiological, temperature and storage time data to assess the impact of this distribution route. Intrinsic contamination of RDM with pathogens can arise from animals with systemic infection as well as from localised infections such as mastitis. Extrinsic contamination can arise from faecal contamination and from the wider farm environment. It was not possible to rank control options as no single step could be identified which would significantly reduce risk relative to a baseline of expected good practice, although potential for an increase in risk was also noted. Improved risk communication to consumers is recommended. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the public health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk (RDM). In particular, the BIOHAZ Panel was requested to identify the main microbiological hazards of public health significance that may occur in RDM from different animal species, to assess the public health risk arising from the consumption of RDM, to assess the likelihood of RDM being a significant source of antimicrobial resistant bacteria/resistance genes, to assess the additional risks associated with the sale of RDM through vending machines and via the internet and to identify and rank potential control options to reduce public health risks arising from consumption of RDM.According to European Union (EU) legislation, "raw milk" is defined as milk produced by the secretion of the mammary gland of farmed animals that has not been heated to more than 40 °C or undergone any treatment that has an e...

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Epidemiological Analyses of the Associations between bovine udder health and milking machine and milking management

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

Management factors affecting udder health and effects of a one year extension program in organic dairy herds

Management factors affecting udder health and effects of a one year extension program in organic dairy herds

Effect of vacuum level on milk flow traits in Mediterranean Italian buffalo cow

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk

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