Epidemiologic Study of Inactivated Measles Vaccine

Medoff, Harold S.; Hunt, Albert R.; Karpinski, Felix E.; Salitsky, Sherwood; Wheeler, James E.

doi:10.1001/jama.1964.03070100017003

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These children have been closely observed both clinically and serologically through three succeeding measles seasons. The detailed clinical and serologic data has (5). A brief summary of the results of this study indicate that immunization with inactivated measles vaccine has very effectively prevented the symptoms of the natural infection from occurring after exposure (Table 4).…”

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confidence: 80%

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Immunization against measles with inactivated vaccine

1965

Archiv f Virusforschung

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The theoretical and practical considerations in the use of attenuated measles virus vaccine for immunization against measles are familiar to all, and have been discussed in detail at this meeting. In this brief discussion I will attempt to clarify some aspects of the use of inactivated measles vaccine for the prevention of measles.The premise for the successful use of inactivated measles vaccine is composed of several integral parts. The vaccine should provide protection against measles without causing significant or serious side-effects. Since protection is usually associated with the development of an antibody response, the vaccine should stimulate this response in a high percentage of individuals. Also of importance is the requirement that the antigen should be of sufficient potency to produce a state of immunologic hyperreactivity in the subject, so that at a later date upon natural exposure, the immune mechanism will respond quickly enough to eliminate completely or markedly alter the symptoms of the disease, while still allowing the subclinical infection to take place. If the state of immunologic hyperreactivity persists, and if a reservoir of wild virus for natural challenge persists, it should not be necessary to give booster doses of inactivated measles vaccine at a later date.Since the antibody titer of an individual is only a reflection of the degree of activity of his antibody mechanism, a decline in antibody may not represent an absolute loss of immunity. It is necessary not only to evaluate the level of antibody in the individual, but also to study the natural clinical history of the subject over a prolonged period of time in order to determine the ultimate immune response to challenge by the "wild" virus. Our efforts, therefore, have been directed toward evaluation of inactivated measles vaccine of various potency levels, not only from the point of view of antibody response, but also by studying the several vaccines under conditions of normal clinical use. The vaccines were pro-

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confidence: 80%

“…After two years, approximately 50% of the children still have circulating antibody (5). Both the one year and two year antibody levels are at a lower titer than observed shortly after immunization.…”

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confidence: 90%

Immunization against measles with inactivated vaccine

1965

Archiv f Virusforschung

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“…Concerning the persistence of circulating antibodies, however, different experiences have been reported (Feldman et al, 1963 ;Fulginiti and Kempe, 1963;Medoff et al, 1967;Norrby et al, 1964).' The state of sensitization still remaining after the reduction of antibody titres below detectable levels has been demonstrated to prevent or modify clinical symptoms upon exposure to "wild" virus (Fulginiti and Kempe, 1963;Medoff et al, 1964) or to live measles vaccine (Feldman et al, 1962 ;Fulginiti et al, 1963 ;Karelitz et al, 1963 ;Fulginiti and Kempe, 1963 ;Guinee et al, 1963). Combined vaccination, killed vaccine followed by live, has been recommended as a means by which long-lasting immunity can be produced without such reactions as are associated with the use of live vaccine alone.…”

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confidence: 99%

Measles Vaccination IV. Responses to Two Different Types of Preparations Given as a Fourth Dose of Vaccine

Norrby¹,

Lagercrantz²,

Gard³

1965

BMJ

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“…The vaccines employed in these previous studies were prepared from virus grown in either monkey kidney or chick embryo cell cultures [18,19,35,40]. Direct comparison of the antibody response of the children in our study to those of previous studies is difficult, but it is evident that the vaccine tested in the present study had as good a potency in children as currently used killed vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%