Epidemiologic Study ofMalasseziaYeasts in Patients withMalasseziaFolliculitis by 26S rDNA PCR-RFLP Analysis

Abstract

Background:So far, studies on the inter-relationship between Malassezia and Malassezia folliculitis have been rather scarce. Objective: We sought to analyze the differences in body sites, gender and age groups, and to determine whether there is a relationship between certain types of Malassezia species and Malassezia folliculitis. Methods: Specimens were taken from the forehead, cheek and chest of 60 patients with Malassezia folliculitis and from the normal skin of 60 age-and gender-matched healthy controls by 26S rDNA PCR-RFLP. Results: M. restricta was dominant in the patients with Malassezia folliculitis (20.6%), while M. globosa was the most common species (26.7%) in the controls. The rate of identification was the highest in the teens for the patient group, whereas it was the highest in the thirties for the control group. M. globosa was the most predominant species on the chest with 13 cases (21.7%), and M. restricta was the most commonly identified species, with 17 (28.3%) and 12 (20%) cases on the forehead and cheek, respectively, for the patient group. Conclusion: Statistically significant differences were observed between the patient and control groups for the people in their teens and twenties, and in terms of the body site, on the forehead only. (Ann Dermatol 23(2) 177∼184, 2011)

Malassezia species in healthy skin and in dermatological conditions

“…Using culturing methods, M. globosa was found to be the most prevalent species on the skin of healthy subjects and patients with PV and psoriasis, whereas M. restricta was isolated only sporadically. By contrast with these findings, a higher detection rate of M. restricta was observed using molecular methods in healthy individuals, and in patients with PV, MF, and SD, although the samples were collected from multiple body sites.…”

“…To date, studies to determine which species of Malassezia may be involved in MF have yielded divergent results, with M. globosa , M. restricta , and M. sympodialis all recovered from hair follicles (Table ).…”

Distribution of Malassezia species on the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and healthy volunteers assessed by conventional and molecular identification methods

“…Malassezia species are also involved in the pathogenesis of various dermatoses with global distribution, such as seborrheic dermatitis (SD), atopic dermatitis (AD), and, more recently, psoriasis (PS) [ 3 - 6 ]. A growing number of reports demonstrate the implication of Malassezia yeasts in other skin disorders, including folliculitis, onychomycosis, confluent and reticulated papillomatosis, and neonatal cephalic pustulosis [ 7 - 10 ]. Finally, Malassezia yeasts have been associated with systemic infections and outbreaks in neonatal and immunocompromised adults intensive care units [ 11 , 12 ].…”

“…With the advent of molecular biology tools, several new, DNA-targeted methods have been developed and tested for species identification within the Malassezia taxon. These include pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) [ 23 , 24 ], randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis [ 23 , 25 ], amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis [ 25 , 26 ], denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) [ 25 ], multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) [ 27 ], PCR-based single strand confirmation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) [ 7 , 28 - 34 ], nested PCR [ 32 , 35 - 37 ], real-time (RT) PCR [ 35 , 38 ], and direct sequencing of various genetic loci, such as rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2 regions in particular, the chitin synthase ( CHS2 ) gene, and the RNA polymerase subunit 1 ( RPB1 ) gene [ 18 , 26 , 39 - 41 ].…”

Molecular epidemiology, in vitro susceptibility and exoenzyme screening of Malassezia clinical isolates

“…furfur, M. globosa and M. sympodialis are isolated most frequently from PV patients in Africa [5,28], Europe [29,30] and South America [31][32][33], respectively. In Asia, M. globosa and M. furfur are respectively predominant in Iran [34,35] and Indonesia [36], while M. globosa and M. sympodialis are predominant in India [37,38] [29,44,45], and M. globosa and M. restricta are predominant in Asia [40,[46][47][48]. Overall, although the distribution of Malasseiza species in humans varies around the world, M. globosa seems to be the most common agent in MF, PV and HS.…”