Epidemiologic study of adrenal gland disorders in Japan

Takayanagi, Ryoichi; Miura, Katsuyuki; Nakagawa, H; Nawata, Hajime

doi:10.1016/s0753-3322(00)80036-0

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Among various co-morbidities, infectious and pulmonary diseases, especially pneumonia, were most common at initial AI diagnosis, during subsequent hospitalizations, and in in-hospital deaths. One epidemiological study in Japan also found the infectious disease was the major inducement of adrenal crisis (Takayanagi et al 2000). Another study in Japan revealed the close relationship between adrenal function and the severity of community-acquired pneumonia, in-hospital death, and length of stay (Gotoh et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenal Insufficiency in the Elderly: A Nationwide Study of Hospitalizations in Taiwan

Chen

Chou

Chen

et al. 2010

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenal Insufficiency in the Elderly: A Nationwide Study of Hospitalizations in Taiwan

Chen

Chou

Chen

et al. 2010

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…1). However, lower prevalence rates have been reported outside Europe (11,12,13). The incidence has been estimated at 4-6 cases per million per year and is probably on a rising course (5,7,8,10,14,15,16).…”

Section: Incidence and Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Epidemiology, quality of life and complications of primary adrenal insufficiency: a review

Bensing

Hulting

Husebye

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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In this article, we review published studies covering epidemiology, natural course and mortality in primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) or Addison's disease. Autoimmune PAI is a rare disease with a prevalence of 100-220 per million inhabitants. It occurs as part of an autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome in more than half of the cases. The patients experience impaired quality of life, reduced parity and increased risk of preterm delivery. Following a conventional glucocorticoid replacement regimen leads to a reduction in bone mineral density and an increase in the prevalence of fractures. Registry studies indicate increased mortality, especially evident in patients diagnosed with PAI at a young age and in patients with the rare disease autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-1. Most notably, unnecessary deaths still occur because of adrenal crises. All these data imply the need to improve the therapy and care of patients with PAI.

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“…This figure is a low estimate, as it was obtained at a time when the aldosterone to renin ratio was not in use and computed tomography was not widely available. A national epidemiological survey in Japan estimated that 1,450 patients had been diagnosed with PA of any form in 1997 [14]. In 1997, there were about 70 million Japanese adults aged 60 or less; thus, the incidence rate of PA could be estimated to be 2 cases per 100,000 individuals per year in this age group.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aldosterone-producing adenoma and other surgically correctable forms of primary aldosteronism

Amar

Plouin

Steichen

2010

Orphanet J Rare Dis

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Surgically correctable forms of primary aldosteronism are characterized by unilateral aldosterone hypersecretion and renin suppression, associated with varying degrees of hypertension and hypokalemia. Unilateral aldosterone hypersecretion is caused by an aldosterone-producing adenoma (also known as Conn's adenoma and aldosteronoma), primary unilateral adrenal hyperplasia and rare cases of aldosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma. In these forms, unilateral adrenalectomy can cure aldosterone excess and hypokalemia, but not necessarily hypertension. The prevalence of primary aldosteronism in the general population is not known. Its prevalence in referred hypertensive populations is estimated to be between 6 and 13%, of which 1.5 to 5% have an aldosterone-producing adenoma or primary unilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Taking into account referral biases, the prevalence of surgically correctable primary aldosteronism is probably less than 1.5% in the hypertensive population and less than 0.3% in the general adult population. Surgically correctable primary aldosteronism is sought in patients with hypokalemic, severe or resistant forms of hypertension. Recent recommendations suggest screening for primary aldosteronism using the aldosterone to renin ratio. Patients with a raised ratio then undergo confirmatory suppression tests. The differential diagnosis of hypokalemic hypertension with low renin includes mineralocorticoid excess, with the mineralocorticoid being cortisol or 11-deoxycorticosterone, apparent mineralocorticoid excess, pseudo-hypermineralocorticoidism in Liddle syndrome or exposure to glycyrrhizic acid. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, adrenal computed tomography is performed for all patients. If surgery is considered, taking into consideration the clinical context and the desire of the patient, adrenal vein sampling is performed to detect whether or not aldosterone hypersecretion is unilateral. Laparoscopic surgery for unilateral aldosterone hypersecretion is associated with a morbidity of about 8%, with most complications being minor. It generally results in the normalization of aldosterone secretion and kalemia, and in a large decrease in blood pressure, but normotension without treatment is only achieved in half of all cases. Normotension following adrenalectomy is more frequent in young patients with recent hypertension than in patients with long-standing hypertension or a family history of hypertension.

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Epidemiologic study of adrenal gland disorders in Japan

Cited by 32 publications

References 1 publication

Adrenal Insufficiency in the Elderly: A Nationwide Study of Hospitalizations in Taiwan

Adrenal Insufficiency in the Elderly: A Nationwide Study of Hospitalizations in Taiwan

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Epidemiology, quality of life and complications of primary adrenal insufficiency: a review

Aldosterone-producing adenoma and other surgically correctable forms of primary aldosteronism

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