Epidemiologic risk factors for periodontal attachment loss among adults in the United States

Abstract

These results support earlier findings regarding the central role of cigarette smoking in the etiology of periodontal loss of attachment, a role due in large part to the substantial relationship between smoking and severe periodontal disease.

Dental restorations: A risk factor for periodontal attachment loss?

“…While these have had methodological differences, they have consistently shown that smoking is a primary risk factor. The findings from NHANES III have shown that cigarette smoking, caries rate, and gender are independently associated with clinical attachment loss in 20-49-year-olds (Hyman & Reid 2003). Similar findings with respect to gender and smoking as risk factors for periodontal attachment loss have also been reported elsewhere (Beck et al 1990;Norderyd & Hugoson 1998, Ogawa et al 2002, Paulander et al 2004), but have not always confirmed the association of gender with periodontal attachment loss (Norderyd & Hugoson 1998).…”

Smoking and the outcome of infection

“…Smoking has been associated with indicators of severe periodontal disease such as periodontal loss of attachment, bone loss and premature tooth loss in cross-sectional [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] and longitudinal studies [53][54][55][56], and the outcome of periodontal treatment has been shown to be less favourable or indeed unfavourable in smokers compared with nonsmokers [57,58]. Several studies have also explored the relation between exposure level and disease severity and found a correlation between increasing exposure to smoking and severe periodontal disease [47,53,56,59].…”

Prevalence of and risk indicators for chronic periodontitis in males from Campeche, Mexico

“…Periodontal diseases are a group of infectious diseases affecting the O Minaya -Chronic periodontitis periodontitis has been considered to be more common in people aged more than 30, having inadequate oral hygiene (10,11) and/or high levels of stress (12). Its distribution is also associated with smoking (13,14) and low socioeconomic status (LSS) (15). In addition to these socio-demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors, other factors have been mentioned in association with chronic periodontitis (3,10,(16)(17)(18).…”