Epidemiologic Measures for Quantifying the Incidence of Concussion in National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports

Kerr, Zachary Y.; Roos, Karen G.; Djoko, Aristarque; Dalton, Sara L.; Broglio, Steven P.; Marshall, Stephen W.; Dompier, Thomas P.

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-51.6.05

Cited by 98 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Athlete head impacts continue to attract significant media and research attention with sports such as soccer, football, ice hockey, lacrosse, and rugby displaying significant rates of head injury in American high school and collegiate athletes (Kerr et al, ; O'Connor et al, ). These impacts occur across a continuum of severity; from injuries resulting in unconsciousness and requiring the athlete to be assisted on the field, to contact with no immediate observable consequences, such as heading a soccer ball.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling sports‐related mild traumatic brain injury in animals—A systematic review

Hiskens

Angoa‐Pérez

Schneiders

et al. 2019

J of Neuroscience Research

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Sports-related head trauma has emerged as an important public health issue, as mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) may result in neurodegenerative disorders such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Research into mTBI and CTE pathophysiology are difficult to undertake in athletes, with observational trials and post-mortem analysis the current mainstays. Thus, animal models play an important role in the study of mTBI, however, traditional animal models have focused on acute, severe injuries rather than the more typical mTBI's seen in sport injuries. Recently, a number of animal models have been developed that are both appropriately scaled and biomechanically relevant to the forces sustained by athletes. This review aimed to examine the literature for variables included in these animal models, and the resulting neurotrauma as evidenced by pathology and behavioral deficits. A systematic search of the literature was performed in multiple electronic databases. The inclusion criteria required mimicry of athlete mTBI conditions: freedom of head movement, lack of surgical alteration of the skull, and application of direct contact force. Studies were analyzed for variables including apparatus design features (impact force, change in animal head velocity, and kinetic energy transfer to the head), demonstrated pathology (phosphorylated tau, TDP-43 aggregation, diffuse axonal injury, gliosis, cytokine inflammation response, and genetic integrity), and behavioral changes. These studies suggested that appropriate animal models can assist in understanding the pathological and functional outcomes of athlete mTBI, and could be used as a platform for future studies of diagnostic/prognostic markers and in the development of treatment interventions. K E Y W O R D S animal models, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, concussion, neurotrauma | INTRODUC TI ONAthlete head impacts continue to attract significant media and research attention with sports such as soccer, football, ice hockey, lacrosse, and rugby displaying significant rates of head injury in American high school and collegiate athletes O'Connor et al., 2017). These impacts occur across a continuum of severity; from injuries resulting in unconsciousness and requiring the athlete to be assisted on the field, to contact with no immediate observable consequences, such as heading a soccer ball. The nature of many of these sports predicates that head impacts are not sustained in isolation, but are often an intrinsic by-product of the rules of the sport, and as such are repetitively sustained across a match | 1195 HISKENS Et al.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling sports‐related mild traumatic brain injury in animals—A systematic review

Hiskens

Angoa‐Pérez

Schneiders

et al. 2019

J of Neuroscience Research

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show abstract

“…Previous research has shown that athletes exhibit higher levels of sensation‐seeking, aggression, and competitiveness (Ahmadi, Besharat, Azizi, & Larijani, 2011; Potgieter & Bisschoff, 1990; Zuckerman, 1983) and therefore may be more susceptible to injury (e.g., Kerr et al., 2017; Thompson & Morris, 1994). As expected, high‐risk athletic status was associated with a history of concussion: three‐quarters of those identifying as high‐risk athletes reported at least one previous concussion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not surprising perhaps, the incidence of concussion is higher in high‐risk sports (i.e., those that present a greater risk for injury such as hockey, football, or gymnastics) compared to low‐risk sports (e.g., basketball, baseball, and tennis; Beachy & Rauh, 2014; Gessel, Fields, Collins, Dick, & Comstock, 2007; Kerr et al., 2017; Marar, McIlvain, Fields, & Comstock, 2012; Noble & Hesdorffer, 2013). Indeed, in sporting leagues that permit contact play, the incidence of concussion is 3.88 times higher than that of noncontact leagues (Emery et al., 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological underarousal as a mechanism of aggressive behavior in university athletes with a history of concussion

2018

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IntroductionResearch has indicated that athletes who engage in high‐risk athletic activities, such as football and hockey, have riskier personalities than their low‐risk and nonathlete counterparts (Ahmadi et al., 2011, Procedia Soc Behav Sci, 30 and 247–251; Zuckerman, 1983, Biological bases of sensation seeking, impulsivity, and anxiety, Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc Inc.). For instance, increased sensation‐seeking and aggression are common in high‐risk athletes, rendering these individuals more likely to sustain a subsequent injury, such as concussion. Elevated levels of certain personality traits, including impulsivity and aggression, have also been observed after concussion (Goswami et al., 2016, Brain Struct Funct, 221 and 1911–1925). The purpose of this study therefore was to determine whether aggressive behavior in university athletes may be accounted for, in part, by a history of concussion, rather than exclusively athletic status.MethodsUsing a quasi‐experimental design, 66 university students (n = 18 nonathletes, n = 24 low‐risk athletes, n = 24 high‐risk athletes) with (n = 27) and without a history of concussion (n = 39) completed the Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ; Buss & Perry, 1992, J Pers Soc Psychol, 63 and 452) and provided electrodermal activation (EDA) as an index of physiological arousal.ResultsIt was found that decreased physiological arousal among students with a history of concussion was associated with greater endorsement of physical aggression. Moreover, athletic status did not account for this pattern of aggression, as athletes and nonathletes did not differ in terms of self‐reported aggressive tendencies.ConclusionsPhysiological compromise after concussive injury may act as an independent mechanism of aggressive behavior in athletes beyond factors, such as athletic status.

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“…For example, during the 2014 and 2015 seasons, nearly half of the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college teams (60/128) did not publicly report a single concussion. 124 125 Such a figure remains low, particularly considering the number of head impacts athletes suffer on a consistent basis. The simultaneous co-existence of a high number of head impacts and relatively low number of concussions reported may indicate that a high prevalence of LD/ADHD in the football athlete population masks the severity of head impacts, resulting in artificially low concussion rates.…”

Section: Ld/adhd Brain Injury and Causationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Disorders Among Incoming College Football Athletes: Legal and Medical Implications of Undisclosed Inclusion in Concussion Research

Tatos¹,

Comrie²

2019

JoSPI

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Epidemiologic Measures for Quantifying the Incidence of Concussion in National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports

Cited by 98 publications

References 23 publications

Modeling sports‐related mild traumatic brain injury in animals—A systematic review

Modeling sports‐related mild traumatic brain injury in animals—A systematic review

Physiological underarousal as a mechanism of aggressive behavior in university athletes with a history of concussion

Cognitive Disorders Among Incoming College Football Athletes: Legal and Medical Implications of Undisclosed Inclusion in Concussion Research

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