Epidemiologic issues in the validation of veterinary diagnostic tests

Greiner, Matthias; Gardner, Ian A.

doi:10.1016/s0167-5877(00)00114-8

Cited by 393 publications

(327 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

315

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Proteins leaking from the blood correlate well because the mechanism is similar. The choice of the threshold value for each test is of crucial importance: the threshold level affects the proportion of correctly and incorrectly classified samples [16,57,58]. Herd mastitis prevalence affects the predictive values of the tests, as shown by Dohoo and Leslie [10].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimates for the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity may vary in populations, and an epidemiological approach should be used for validation of diagnostic tests [16]. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) can be used for the evaluation of diagnostic tests [17]: in this analysis all possible combinations of sensitivity and specificity achieved by changing the cut-off value of the test can be summarized using a single parameter, the area under the ROC curve.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selection of udder quarters for subsequent bacteriology should be effective and economical. Diagnostic accuracy can be improved by considering the physiological confounding factors, by application specific epidemiological approach [16] and then optimising the thresholds for testing [9]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Indicators of inflammation in the diagnosis of mastitis

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Mastitis affects the quality of milk and is a potential health risk for the other cows. In a well managed dairy herd, in addition to clinical mastitis, subclinical mastitis should be efficiently detected. Bacteriological sampling is not feasible as a routine test to identify subclinical mastitis, and indirect tests of mastitis are more suitable for selecting cows with intramammary infections for subsequent bacteriological sampling. Mastitis affects the composition of milk, and the degree of changes depends on the infecting agent and the inflammatory response. Indicators of inflammation in the milk which can be determined using rapid, reliable and easy routine techniques, can be used for the early detection of mastitis. The measuring of the somatic cell count in milk is the standard method, but the analysis technique is problematic for routine use in herds. The most promising parameters for monitoring subclinical mastitis are milk N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase activity, lactose, and electrical conductivity along with some other indicators such as optical and milk flow measurements, preferably with an inter-quarter evaluation included in the test. Acute phase proteins, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A, are also potential candidates for mastitis monitoring. New mastitis detection systems which can be adapted into on-line use are urgently needed, since dairy units are growing bigger and automatic milking systems are being taken into use. mastitis / indicator of inflammation / somatic cell count / NAGase / electrical conductivity

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Indicators of inflammation in the diagnosis of mastitis

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Phythian@liverpool.ac.uk welfare measures (or indicators) are akin to diagnostic tests, they may be evaluated in a similar manner. Essentially, a new diagnostic test would be conferred as valid, if it produced the same result as an established reference test (Greiner and Gardner, 2000). However, this approach is problematic for animal welfare assessment as a reference test does not currently exist (de Passillé and Rushen, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An NIH approach (NIH, 1990) allowed a panel of experts to judge the validity (face and consensual) of sheep welfare indicators that were included in on-farm assessment studies. Following this initial validation step, the internal validity (evaluation of bias, reliability and diagnostic accuracy) and the external validity (generalisability, feasibility and applicability) of these indicators would be evaluated in field studies (Greiner and Gardner, 2000). Thereafter, the ranking or exclusion of any indicators could be based on the evidence of their diagnostic validity, reliability, and feasibility for use in on-farm welfare applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating indicators of sheep welfare through a consensus of expert opinion

Phythian

Michalopoulou

Jones

et al. 2011

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A consensus of expert opinion was used to provide both face and consensual validity to a list of potential indicators of sheep welfare. This approach was used as a first step in the identification of valid welfare indicators for sheep. The consensus methodology of the National Institute of Health, using pre-meeting consultation and focus group discussions, was used to ascertain the consensus opinion of a panel of sheep welfare experts. The Farm Animal Welfare Council's five freedoms were used as a framework to organise a list of current on-farm welfare issues for sheep. The five freedoms were also the welfare criterion used to identify potential on-farm welfare indicators for sheep. As a result, experts identified 193 welfare issues for sheep and lambs managed on farms across England and Wales. Subsequently, a combination of animal-(n 5 26), resource-(n 5 13) and management-(n 5 22) based indicators was suggested for (i) adult rams, (ii) adult ewes (male and female sheep, over 1 year old), (iii) growing lambs (male and female sheep, over 6 weeks to 1 year old) and (iv) young lambs (male and female lambs, 6 weeks old and under). The results from this study could therefore be used to inform the further development of valid methods of assessing the on-farm welfare of sheep.

show abstract

Antemortem Diagnostics

and¹,

Gage²

2006

Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epidemiologic issues in the validation of veterinary diagnostic tests

Cited by 393 publications

References 43 publications

Indicators of inflammation in the diagnosis of mastitis

Indicators of inflammation in the diagnosis of mastitis

Validating indicators of sheep welfare through a consensus of expert opinion

Antemortem Diagnostics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About