Epidemiologic Features of Strongyloides Stercoralis Infection in an Endemic Area of the United States *

Walzer, Peter D.; Milder, James E.; Banwell, John G.; Kilgore, George L.; Klein, Marilyn; Parker, Ruby

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1982.31.313

Cited by 93 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…In Brazil, the reported prevalence is 13% in a randomly examined population. 4,5 Low socioeconomic status, 6 institutionalization in mental Acute hematogenous pyelonephritis with multiple small subcapsular abscesses was grossly evident on the left kidney ( Figures 4A and 4B). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection - a dreaded but still missed diagnosis

Crenitte¹,

Campos²,

Felipe-Silva³

2012

ACR

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Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis), an intestinal nematode, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions, being less prevalent in temperate climates. The number of infected persons worldwide ranges between 10 million and 100 million people. In Brazil the reported prevalence is 13%. Chronic infection may be asymptomatic or accompanied by gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms. Under immunosuppressive conditions, the infection assumes serious proportions frequently accompanied by septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and respiratory distress syndrome. The authors report a case of a 50-year-old female patient who was a chronic user of glucocorticoids and had been seeking medical attention for two months because of continuous gastrointestinal symptoms. She was admitted to the emergency room with clinical signs of septic shock and died after four days despite an adequate antibiotic regimen, vasopressor drugs, and ventilatory support. The autopsy revealed the unsuspected finding of S. stercoralis hyperinfection and septicemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection - a dreaded but still missed diagnosis

Crenitte¹,

Campos²,

Felipe-Silva³

2012

ACR

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“…Most studies conducted to date are heterogeneous, incomplete, and of a retrospective nature, reporting wideranging prevalences from 0.6% to 40%, with the disease being regarded as endemic in all of them. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] In 1992, the first study of the prevalence of intestinal parasites based on a representative sample of immigrant migrant workers on farms in North Carolina was published. Larvae of S. stercoralis were detected in 4% based on the microscopic examination of stools.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Strongyloides Stercoralis Among Farm Workers on the Mediterranean Coast of Spain: Analysis of the Predictive Factors of Infection in Developed Countries

Román-Sánchez¹,

A²,

Moreno-Guillén³

et al. 2003

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Strongyloidiasis is a parasitosis characterized by persistent infection before dissemination and the development of potentially fatal disease. Since diagnosis is difficult, knowledge of the prevalence and geographic distribution of the disease is of practical importance. A study was made of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a random and representative sample of farm workers in a tourist region in Spain based on the detection of larvae of triple stool samples. The prevalence of infection was 12.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] ‫ס‬ 8.4−16.4). None of the 26 clinical or epidemiologic variables analyzed were found to be predictive of infection. Only eosinophilia (> 400 eosinophils/mm 3 ) was significantly greater among the infected individuals (odds ratio ‫ס‬ 73.4, 95% CI ‫ס‬ 16.3−327.0), with a sensitivity of 93.5% and a specificity of 93.1%. A screening program is proposed to detect eosinophilia, to provide treatment without stool examinations, and thus afford a cost-effective policy for preventing the development of severe forms of the disease among specific risk groups where the prevalence of other parasitoses is low.

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“…Historically, in the United States, Strongyloides stercoralis has been considered endemic in southern states and Appalachia. With the last high quality study from the United States having been published three decades ago [6] , information about most recent prevalence trends of Strongyloides stercoralis is lacking. Due to improvement in sanitary conditions and hygienic practices, these prior studies had shown marginal decline in prevalence from 3.8% to 3% [7] .…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloidiasis: A case with acute pancreatitis and a literature review

Makker¹,

Balar²,

Niazi³

et al. 2015

WJG

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Strongyloides stercoralis, a soil transmitted helminth infection, affects millions with varying prevalence worldwide. A large number of affected hosts are asymptomatic. Symptoms pertaining to pulmonary and gastrointestinal involvement may be present. Manifestations of involvement beyond lung and intestine can be seen with dissemination of infection and lethal hyperinfection. Immunosuppression secondary to use of steroids or other immunosuppressants and coexistence of human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 are the known risk factors for dissemination and hyperinfection. Diagnostic modalities comprise stool examination, serology and molecular testing. Stool tests are inexpensive but are limited by low sensitivity, whereas serologic and molecular tests are more precise but at the expense of higher cost. Treatment with Ivermectin or Albendazole as an alternative is safe and efficacious. We present a rare case of acute pancreatitis secondary to Strongyloides. High index of suspicion in patients specifically from endemic countries of origin and lack of other common etiologies of acute pancreatitis may help in early diagnosis and prompt treatment of this potentially fatal infection.

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Epidemiologic Features of Strongyloides Stercoralis Infection in an Endemic Area of the United States *

Cited by 93 publications

References 0 publications

Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection - a dreaded but still missed diagnosis

Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection - a dreaded but still missed diagnosis

High Prevalence of Strongyloides Stercoralis Among Farm Workers on the Mediterranean Coast of Spain: Analysis of the Predictive Factors of Infection in Developed Countries

Strongyloidiasis: A case with acute pancreatitis and a literature review

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