Epidemiologic and mucosal immunologic aspects of HPV infection and HPV-related cervical neoplasia in the lower female genital tract: A review

Tjiong, Ming Y.; Out, Theo A.; Schegget, Jan ter; Burger, Maximilian; Vange, N. van der

doi:10.1046/j.1525-1438.2001.011001009.x

Cited by 48 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…El epitelio del tracto anogenital es el blanco de infeción de papilomavirus mucosotrópicos (12). El condiloma acuminado, y casi todas las neoplasias de células escamosas del tracto anogenital son causados por papilomavirus específicos (6).…”

Section: Aspectos Viralesunclassified

Aspectos inmunológicos de la infección por papilomavirus humano. Rol del complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad .

Cervantes¹

2013

Rev Med Hered

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INTRODUCCIONEl cáncer cervical en un problema importante de Salud Pública en los países en vias de desarrollo. Constituye cerca del 30% del total de neoplasias en la mujer, en Latinoamérica (1,2) y es la principal causa de muerte en mujeres en el Perú (3). Existe un rol comprobado de ciertos genotipos de papilomavirus humano (HPVs por sus siglas en Inglés : Human Papillomavirus) en la patogenesis del cáncer de cuello uterino, siendo la infección por ciertos tipos de HPV, el principal factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de cancer cervical (4,5,6,7,8). ASPECTOS VIRALESEl papilomavirus humano pertenece a la familia Papovaviridae, virus sin cubierta, con genoma compuesto de DNA de doble cadena, circular, de entre 6,800 a 8000 pares de bases en tamaño.El genoma del virus consiste básicamente de tres regiones: Una región no codificadora, y las regiones que codifican los genes tempranos y tardíos . El DNA viral existe, independientemente del DNA cromosomial, en forma de plásmido (forma episomal) en lesiones benignas o premalignas, y se encuentra mas bien integrado en el DNA celular en la mayoría de los tumores que ocasiona (9). Cuando el DNA del virus se integra en el genoma del hospedero en lesiones preinvasivas tardías o en cáncer invasivo, activa los genes tempranos E6 y E7 (10), esto lleva a la expresión de dos oncoproteínas (llamadas asimismo E6 y E7), capaces de interferir con dos anti-oncogenes importantes del hospedero: p53 y pRb, encargadas de controlar la replicación celular . La proteína E6 bloquea al anti-oncogen p53, y la proteína E7 bloquea al antioncogen pRb, con la subsecuente transformación y malignización (11).El papilomavirus humano es un virus epiteliotrópico, infecta el estrato basal del epitelio, manteniendo la transcripción y replicación de su DNA a niveles muy bajos. El epitelio del tracto anogenital es el blanco de infeción de papilomavirus mucosotrópicos (12). El condiloma acuminado, y casi todas las neoplasias de células escamosas del tracto anogenital son causados por papilomavirus específicos (6).Hasta la fecha, más de cien diferentes genotipos del virus han sido identificados, de los cuales 40 infectan el tracto anogenital (13). Los genotipos anogenitales están subdivididos de acuerdo a su presunto potencial oncogénico, en tipos de bajo-riesgo, y tipos de altoriesgo oncogénico (14).La infección por HPV es la enfermedad viral de transmisión sexual más común, con prevalencias de infección que van desde el 10% hasta 50% en mujeres sexualmente activas (14). En algunos lugares del mundo distintos de Europa (de donde se cuenta con gran información desde el inicio), algunos tipos de HPV,

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Section: Aspectos Viralesunclassified

Aspectos inmunológicos de la infección por papilomavirus humano. Rol del complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad .

Cervantes¹

2013

Rev Med Hered

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“…Infection with high oncogenic risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), especially types 16 and 18, has been established as a necessary cause for the development of squamous cervical carcinoma (SCC) and its premalignant lesions (squamous intraepithelial lesions, SIL) [1][2][3][4] . Walboomers et al, in 1999 conducted a worldwide study reporting that 99.7% of tissues with cervical carcinoma contained HPV DNA although percentage varied from 93 to 99.7%, depending on the primers used for the PCR [1,5,6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Types Among Mexican Women with Intraepithelial Lesions and Cervical Cancer: Detection with MY09/MY011 and GP5+/GP6+ Primer Systems

Fernández‐Tilapa¹,

Illades‐Aguiar²,

Martínez‐Carrillo³

et al. 2007

American J. of Infectious Diseases

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Squamous cervical carcinoma (SCC) is the most common cancer found in Mexican women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a prerequisite for this disease. In Mexico little is known about the prevalence of HPV-types and knowledge of the circulating genotypes by region is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and genotypes of HPV in biopsies from women with intraepithelial lesions and SCC. A total of 211 cervical biopsies were studied. Histopathological analysis was done and HPV DNA was detected by PCR using MY09/MY11 (MY-PCR) and GP5+/GP6+ (GP+PCR) primers. Viral type was determined by RFLP's or sequencing. Tissues were classified as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in 123 cases, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSL) in 40 and SCC in 48. Prevalence of HPV was 55.3% in LSIL, 65% in HSIL and 91.7% in SCC by MY-PCR. These percentages increased to 83, 77.5 and 100%, respectively, when HPV-negative samples were analyzed by GP+PCR. In 138 of 211 samples (65.4%), HPV was detected by MY-PCR and 43 (20.4%) were positive by GP+PCR. In 166 (91.7%) of 181 infections high risk HPV-types were found. Twelve genotypes were detected (16,18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, 59, 61, 66, 70, 81). Prevalence of HPV 16 in LSIL, HSIL and SCC, were 70.6, 54.8 and 70.8%, respectively and it was the most common type in all cases (67.9%). A significantly higher number of positive samples were detected with MY-PCR and GP+PCR. The high prevalence of HPV infection with high-risk types, especially HPV16, among Mexican women with SIL and SCC, has important implications in the treatment and prophylaxis.

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“…1,2 Of various types of HPV, the high-risk HPV types such as 16 and 18 are known to be more often associated with malignant cervical carcinoma in humans. The development of a vaccine to induce the humoral and cellular immunity against high-risk HPV type may therefore be an efficient means to reduce the incidence of cervical carcinoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced immunogenicity of human papillomavirus 16 L1 genetic vaccines fused to an ER-targeting secretory signal peptide and RANTES

Lee

et al. 2003

Gene Ther

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To increase the potency of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA vaccines, we constructed a series of HPV16 L1 vaccines genetically fused with a secretion signal and/or immune cell-recruiting RANTES. The DNA vaccines encoding secretory HPV L1 were constructed by inserting HPV L1 gene into a vector with an ER-targeting secretory signal sequence. The expression plasmid encoding secretory HPV L1 (pER/L1) was fused with cDNA of RANTES, generating pER/L1/R. For comparison, HPV L1 genes were cloned into pVAX1 vector with no signal sequence (pL1), and further linked to the N-terminus (pL1/R) or C-terminus of RANTES (pR/L1). The secretion of L1 proteins was observed in the pER/L1, pER/L1/R, and pR/L1-transfected cells, except the pL1/R-transfected group. Cytoplasmic localization of L1 protein was observed in the cells transfected with pL1/R, but not with pER/L1/R at 48 h after transfection. In mice, RANTES-fused vaccines more effectively elicited the levels of HPV16 L1-specific IgG and IgG2a antibodies than pL1. Of RANTES-fused vaccines, pER/L1/R encoding the secreted fusion protein induced the highest humoral and CD8 + Tcell-stimulating responses. These results suggest that the immunogenicity of HPV L1 DNA vaccines could be enhanced by genetic fusion to a chemokine and secretory signal peptide sequences.

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Epidemiologic and mucosal immunologic aspects of HPV infection and HPV-related cervical neoplasia in the lower female genital tract: A review

Cited by 48 publications

References 116 publications

Aspectos inmunológicos de la infección por papilomavirus humano. Rol del complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad .

Aspectos inmunológicos de la infección por papilomavirus humano. Rol del complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad .

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Types Among Mexican Women with Intraepithelial Lesions and Cervical Cancer: Detection with MY09/MY011 and GP5+/GP6+ Primer Systems

Enhanced immunogenicity of human papillomavirus 16 L1 genetic vaccines fused to an ER-targeting secretory signal peptide and RANTES

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