Epidemiologic and Genetic Studies of Congenital Heart Disease in the Dog

Abstract

The prevalence rate for cardiovascular malformations in dogs presented to a large university veterinary clinic was 6.8 per 1000. Patent ductus arteriosus, as in man, was found predominantly in females. Breed-specific prevalence rates were significantly greater in purebred dogs than in mongrels, and the breed distributions of patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonic stenosis, subaortic stenosis, persistent right aortic arch, and tetralogy of Fallot were significantly different than would be expected if all breeds were equally susceptible to each type of malformation. On the basis of these observations, two hypotheses were made: (1) Genetic factors are determinants of certain types of congenital heart disease in the dog. (2) These genetic factors have specific effects on cardiac morphogenesis, resulting in specific types of cardiovascular malformations. Preliminary genetic studies confirmed the specific hereditary transmission of valvular pulmonic stenosis in beagles, persistent right aortic arch in German shepherds, and conal septal defects (including ventricular septal defects and tetralogy of Fallot) in keeshonden. The pattern of inheritance of these defects was not consistent with any simple genetic hypothesis. Patent ductus arteriosus in dogs of poodle ancestry and fibrous subaortic stenosis in Newfoundlands were shown provisionally to be transmitted in a manner consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. The significance of these findings is considered in relation to present and future understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of congenital heart disease.

Double symmetrical aortic arch in a Czechoslovakian wolfdog - surgical treatment and health assessment four years after treatment: a case report

“…In animals, the genetic origin of this syndrome is also accepted, although there is no literature information on the involvement of this gene in the dog disorders. In addition to the genetic factors, in dogs and cats, teratogenic factors, infectious diseases affecting the mother in the first period of pregnancy, as well as vitamin A deficiency, are thought to play roles (Patterson 1968). In the cases described in the literature, the defect was found in three German shepherds (Martin et al 1983;Findji and Degueurce 1999;Moonan et al 2007), two crossbreed dogs (Findji and Degueurce 1999;Vianna and Krahwinkel 2004) and a Beagle (Du Plessis et al 2006).…”

“…The most common vascular ring type in dogs with clinical symptoms -95% of all cases of vascular ring -is the persistent right aortic arch with left ligamentum arteriosum (PRAA) (Buchanan 2004). PRAA occurs mostly in large breeds of dogs (92% cases occur in dogs over 15 kg), such as German shepherds, Irish setters, or Great Danes (Patterson 1968; Van den Ingh and Van der Linde-Sipman 1974;Shires and Liu 1981).…”

Tetralogy of Fallot, Pulmonary Valve Stenosis, Ventricular Septal Defect, and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in WKY/NCrj Rats

“…These lesions have been reported in animals also, i.e. TOF in Keeshond dogs (7)(8)(9), Pvalve stenosis in beagle dogs (lo), and VSD in Long-Evans rats (1 1); they have been considered animal models for the human congenital heart diseases.…”

Pentalogy of Fallot in a Korean Sapsaree Dog

“…69(1): 73-76, 2007 Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a rare complex congenital cardiac defect characterised by a ventricular septal defect (VSD) with an overriding aorta, pulmonic stenosis (PS) and right ventricular hypertrophy. In dogs, TOF is rare (0.25/ 1000 dogs examined) [9]. In cats, TOF has also been rarely reported [4].…”

“…In dogs, TOF is rare (0.25/ 1000 dogs examined) [9]. In cats, TOF has also been rarely reported [4].…”