Epidemiologia zaburzeń lękowych i depresyjnych

Abstract

This article has been peer reviewed and published immediately upon acceptance.It is an open access article, which means that it can be downloaded, printed, and distributed freely, provided the work is properly cited.

The Scale of Intoxications with New Psychoactive Substances over the Period 2014–2020—Characteristics of the Trends and Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Example of Łódź Province, Poland

“…Because of the young age of patients and the specific risk arising from the psychoactive substances, these activities should be carried out and participated in by parents and primary care physicians who are aware of the problem. Programmes targeted at young people on potential harmful effects of new psychoactive substances, making them aware of the danger and severe NPS-related consequences, should be of particular importance [9,14].…”

“…Without the knowledge of the exact chemical content of new drugs, doctors and toxicologists have severe problems in diagnosing patients with poisoning symptoms. In addition, legal highs are often taken together with non-prescription medicines, alcohol, or other psychoactive substances [2,[7][8][9]. They are dangerous due to the huge lack of expertise on their toxicity and the narrow line between a safe dose and a lethal dose [4,10,11].…”

“…digestive system-diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, and bleeding; -cardiovascular system-tachycardia, increased blood pressure, palpitation, and chest pain; -nervous system-headaches, dizziness, anxiety, irritability, convulsions, agitation, aggression, hallucinations, panic attacks, and coma; -metabolic disorders-hyperglycaemia, hyponatremia, hypokalaemia, and acidosis; -other-fever, diaphoresis, mydriasis, conjunctival congestion, hypothermia, and suicidal tendencies [9,12,13].…”

“…Nowadays, like drugs, NPSs can be found in tablet, capsule, powder, dried herbs, and chewable cube forms. Legal highs are administered most often orally, via smoking or inhalation [2,9]. According to Mazurkiewicz et al, smoking mixtures (75%) and tablets (12.5%) are the most popular forms of legal highs [14].…”

Depression in the elderly – the position of vortioxetine

“…Kolejnym lekiem będącym alternatywą dla powyższych jest trazodon, który ma lepszy profil bezpieczeństwa, niskie ryzyko wystąpienia hiponatremii, w znacznie mniejszym stopniu wchodzi w interakcje międzylekowe, nie zaburza funkcji seksualnych, jest bezpieczny u pacjentów ze współistniejącymi chorobami somatycznymi. Dużym minusem w przypadku tego leku jest jednak wysokie ryzyko hipotonii ortostatycznej, co wiąże się z podwyższonym ryzykiem upadków i urazów, oraz towarzysząca senność w ciągu dnia, najbardziej wyrażona na początku leczenia [23].…”