Epidemiología de las infecciones nosocomiales en un hospital de segundo nivel

Tinoco, Juan Carlos; Jc, Tinoco; Salvador-Moysén, Jaime; Mc, Pérez-Prado

doi:10.1590/s0036-36341997000100005

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Los microorganismos identificados principalmente fueron: pseudomona sp, enterobacter aglomerans, serratia marcescens y staphylococo coagulasa negativo, esto difiere de algunos estudios 8 . Y fue consistente con otros estudios 13,15 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Algunas de las recomendaciones más importantes son la vigilancia, detección y notificación de casos al comité de control de Infecciones Nosocomiales 13,14 , así como la capacitación periódica de las técnicas y recomendaciones para prevenir las infecciones intrahospitalarias, insistiendo en el lavado de manos 14,5 La evaluación e implementación de medidas de control por la UVEH, permitirá proporcionar cuidados más seguros y de alta calidad durante la estancia hospitalaria, e indirectamente el abatimiento de costos.…”

Section: Conclusionesunclassified

“…El tipo de infección nosocomial observada con mayor frecuencia son las neumonías y las infecciones de sitio quirúrgico, así como las infecciones de vías urinarias 7 realizado en un hospital de segundo nivel, se encontró una tasa cruda de 12.9 episodios por cien egresos 13 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Estudio de prevalencia de infecciones nosocomiales en una unidad médica de alta especialidad

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Introducción: En unidades de atención médica de tercer nivel existen factores que propician mayor frecuencia de Infecciones Nosocomiales (IN). Por lo anterior; es fundamental; evaluar periódicamente la sensibilidad de los sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica; para comprobar su funcionamiento y el logro de objetivos. Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia puntual de IN de una Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad; como indicador de las acciones implementadas por la Unidad de Vigilancia Epidemiológica Hospitalaria (UVEH). Así como conocer los factores de riesgo asociados a la prevalencia de IN. Metodología: Es un estudio observacional de tipo transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 383 pacientes hospitalizados. Resultados: Se encontró que el 73.9% tenían procedimientos invasivos terapéuticos. Se identificaron 68 casos con infección nosocomial; lo que corresponde a una prevalecía puntual de 17.8%. Los sitios de IN más frecuentes fueron las bacteremias (38.2%) y neumonías (20.6%). Los microorganismos identificados con mayor frecuencia fueron pseudomona sp; enterobacter aglomerans; serratia marcescens y staphylococo coagulasa negativa; así como Escherichia Coli. Además de ser neonato y lactante otros factores asociados a las IN por RM; fueron el estar inmunocomprometido; el tener catéter venoso por disección; diálisis peritoneal; sonda orogástrica; intubación orotraqueal; ventilación mecánica; nutrición parenteral y el tener una cirugía contaminada. Factores que están significativamente asociados (p = 0.05) al riesgo de IN. Conclusiones: El desarrollo del estudio permitió conocer la prevalencia puntual y caracterizar las IN; como un indicador del funcionamiento de la UVEH; para el establecimiento de medidas de control de infecciones.

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Estudio de prevalencia de infecciones nosocomiales en una unidad médica de alta especialidad

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“…More recent research suggests that urinary tract nosocomial infections are the type of nosocomial infections that are most adequate to measure hospital quality (e.g. Stringham andYoung, 2005, andTinoco et al, 1994).…”

Section: Nosocomial Infection Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first set refers to variables for which we have major regional-level information (Autonomous Community). 40 It includes the average number of people per dwelling (ppdwell), the percentage of dwellings which are owned by the occupants (own), the percentage of dwellings with self-reported problems with pollution and other environmental problems (pollute), and the percentage of people with higher education (higheduc). The second set of data refers to controls for which provincial-level information is available.…”

Section: Correlations With Location Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Organization

Waldman¹,

Jensen²

2016

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The industrial organization (I/O) view of strategy assumes that the external environment determines the actions a firm can deploy. Industry and market structures are likely to determine a firm's strategic conduct and performance.The implication of the I/O model for strategic management is that firms should identify and seek to operate in environments that provide the best opportunities for competitiveness and profitability. The model implies that the industries and geographic markets in which a firm chooses to operate have a higher impact on performance than strategic decisions concerning internal resources, capabilities, and core competencies. INDUSTRY AND MARKET STRUCTUREThe focus of the I/O model is on the four industry structures of perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. The components of market structure relate to the number and size of firms, measures of concentration, product differentiation, and barriers to entry. The I/O model analyzes the extent of control of established firms over prices, the barriers of entry and exit, and the flow of information between buyers and sellers. Other aspects of market structure relate to the extent to which firms are vertically integrated and diversified. STRATEGIC CONDUCTThe impacts of industry structure are mitigated through pre-emptive and reactive strategies. New opportunities are exploited in the wake of new competitive positions that may be created in the process. The strategic conduct of the firm revolves around policies (such as maximization or optimization of profit levels, growth, sales, and marginal utility), pricing objectives (e.g., cost-plus, marginal cost, entry-deterring price, collusive pricing, price leadership, and price discrimination), marketing strategies and advertising, and the extent of innovation and technical change.Strategists apply the five forces model to gauge the attractiveness of an industry, measure the profit potential of an industry, and decide on the competitive positioning of the firm. The five forces model covers the industry components of competitive rivalry determined by the nature of suppliers, buyers, substitute products, and new entrants to the market. Other strategic models are used to analyze the industry environment at the opportunities and threats (OT) components of SWOT analysis (internal strengths and weaknesses, external opportunities, and threats) and the many variants of PEST analysis (political, economic, social, and technological elements). PERFORMANCEWhen measuring performance, strategists and economists focus on profitability, efficiency, product quality, and technical progress. Performance is affected by a range of industry factors, including the concentration of competitors in the industry, barriers to enter the market, economies of scale, product differentiation, and diversification.Traditional analysis assumes that high profits are the result of established firms pursuing anti-competitive practices. However, evidence suggests that high profits are also the consequence of efficie...

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Advances in the use of carbapenem antibiotics in the management of serious bacterial infections in special patient populations. I: Safety and efficacy in children and elderly patients

Okereke

2000

Current Therapeutic Research

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Epidemiología de las infecciones nosocomiales en un hospital de segundo nivel

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Estudio de prevalencia de infecciones nosocomiales en una unidad médica de alta especialidad

Estudio de prevalencia de infecciones nosocomiales en una unidad médica de alta especialidad

Industrial Organization

Advances in the use of carbapenem antibiotics in the management of serious bacterial infections in special patient populations. I: Safety and efficacy in children and elderly patients

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