Epidemiología de las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la mujer

Abstract

Both mortality due to cerebrovascular disease in individuals aged under 85 years and mortality due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are lower in women than men. In contrast, the age-adjusted 28-day case fatality rate after a first AMI is 20% higher in women, particularly in countries where the incidence of AMI is low. In Spain, the case fatality rate is elevated in women hospitalized for a first AMI, but not in those with other forms of coronary heart disease. The pattern of mortality observed after symptom onset, which shows that death is delayed in women, suggests that the mechanism of death is different in the two sexes. The substantial variation that exists in the way results are adjusted and presented make it very difficult to compare the findings of different studies. Relative to men, women with AMI are 10 years older, reach hospital one hour later on average, more frequently have a comorbid condition (mainly diabetes and hypertension), progress to a more serious clinical state, and have a higher adjusted 28-day mortality risk. Moreover, the treatment given to women during the acute phase is less aggressive. A change in healthcare workers' attitudes is needed so that women with acute coronary syndromes can be identified earlier, thereby increasing the use of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures to a level that corresponds to the greater severity of AMI observed in women at presentation.

Riesgo cardiovascular en una población adolescente de Timbío, Colombia

“…Por su parte Martínez Gómez, et al en su estudio también mostraron que las mujeres tenían niveles de adiposidad general mayores que los varones, mientras que éstos presentaban mayor nivel de obesidad abdominal 17 .…”

El cuidado en peligro en la sociedad global

“…En primer lugar, cómo afrontar la atención de una población envejecida que conlleva cada vez mayor prevalencia de discapacidad, sobre todo en los colectivos más desfavorecidos, entre otros, las clases sociales con ingresos más bajos y las mujeres, por su mayor expectativa de vida 30,31 y por otros motivos, como la discriminación por razón de género. En la última década, diversos estudios realizados con enfoque de género nos han mostrado que existen diferencias en la disponibilidad de alta tecnología médica, de la que los hombres son los que más se benefician, pues acceden antes a los medios diagnósticos y terapéuticos 32,33,34,35,36,37,38 .…”

Ischemic heart disease in women

“…There seems to be a directly proportional relation between physical exercise and IHD. It has also been proposed that women present higher prevalence rates of silent infarctions that men after the age of 55 years, as well as Heart Failure as the first sign of AMI (17) .…”

“…These are mostly atypical symptoms like diaphoresis, jaw pain, epigastric pain, fatigue, dyspnea or chest pain, among others, symptoms that differ from the classical presentation of the disease in men and, therefore, are more complex to detect over time (10,17) . As a result of this difficulty to recognize symptoms, it takes longer for women to request specialized care.…”

“…When attempting to explore the reasons underlying this delay described in literature, a range of personal, psychosocial, professional and cultural factors emerges attempted to approach this phenomenon (17)(18)(19) ; some even propose theoretical constructs that try to respond to women's behavior, such as the "health beliefs model", the "cognitive model", the "self-regulation model" or the "model of reasoned action" (20) .…”