Epidemio-clinical aspects of dysnatremia in polyvalent resuscitation at the CHU Antanambao Toliara

Abstract

Dysnatremia is common in hospitalized patients. This study aims to determine the prevalence of dysnatremia in the intensive care unit of the university hospital center Antanambao Toliara and to determine the diagnoses of the pathologies encountered in intensive care. This is a prospective, descriptive and cross-sectional analytical study over a period of six months from May 01, 2020 to October 31, 2020 carried out in the multipurpose intensive care unit at the Antanambao Toliara University Hospital. We selected 78 cases (27,87%) of dysnatremia. The average age was 43,30 years with a male predominance (sex ratio = 1,36). The disorder of consciousness was the first reason for admission of patients with dysnatremia (70.51%), followed by dyspnea (38.46%), postoperative (38.46%), fever (30. 77%), agitation (28.21%), edema (20.51%), seizure (10.26%), gastrointestinal bleeding (8.97%) and jaundice (5 ,13%). According to the diseases, 48 ​​(61.54%) patients had medical pathologies and 30 (38.46%) surgical pathologies. Fever, sub or extra-durable hemorrhage, severe head trauma, hyperosmolar coma, gastric ulce and eclampsia had a significant association with dysnatrémie with p < 0,05. In brief, dysnatremia can be life-threatening in patients. Its early diagnosis therefore makes it possible to optimize the management of patients.