1997
DOI: 10.1086/513978
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Epidemic Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis in La Guajira, Colombia, 1995

Abstract: In 1995, the first Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) outbreak in Colombia in 22 years caused an estimated 75,000 human cases, 3000 with neurologic complications and 300 fatal, in La Guajira State. Of the state's estimated 50,000 equines, 8% may have died. An epizootic IC virus, probably introduced from Venezuela, was rapidly amplified among unvaccinated equines. Record high rainfall, producing high densities of vector Aedes taeniorhynchus, led to extensive epidemic transmission (30% attack rate) in the four… Show more

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Cited by 182 publications
(116 citation statements)
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“…6 Subsequent outbreaks have been reported during the 1990s in Mexico 7 and Peru, but the largest epidemic/epizootic occurred between April and December 1995, affecting hundreds of thousands of equines and humans in northern Venezuela and Colombia. 9,10 The 1995 outbreak had many similarities to the one that occurred from 1962-1964: first, cases occurred in the same regions of Venezuela and Colombia, and the epicenter was in the Guajira peninsula; second, the VEE virus subtype IC strains isolated in both outbreaks are nearly identical genetically. 9 Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses are mosquitoborne RNA viruses belonging to family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, which includes seven antigenic complexes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…6 Subsequent outbreaks have been reported during the 1990s in Mexico 7 and Peru, but the largest epidemic/epizootic occurred between April and December 1995, affecting hundreds of thousands of equines and humans in northern Venezuela and Colombia. 9,10 The 1995 outbreak had many similarities to the one that occurred from 1962-1964: first, cases occurred in the same regions of Venezuela and Colombia, and the epicenter was in the Guajira peninsula; second, the VEE virus subtype IC strains isolated in both outbreaks are nearly identical genetically. 9 Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses are mosquitoborne RNA viruses belonging to family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, which includes seven antigenic complexes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Este último dato sobre la tenencia de equinos podría pasar desapercibido, pero si se considera el mayor cubrimiento de la vacunación de equinos por parte del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario y el aparente reemplazo de estos animales por otros medios de transporte, tales como bicicletas, motocicletas y otros vehículos automotores, podría plantearse la posibilidad de una disminución de la población de equinos. En la época de la epidemia de 1995, el número de equinos estimado por el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario era de 49.626 y el número actual es de 22.440 (13,27), situación que, aparentemente, ha generado cambios en las condiciones que favorecían la reaparición de las cepas epizoóticas (3,5) porque limita las posibilidades de amplificación del virus en equinos.…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Por primera vez, el estudio entomológico aportó información sobre las condiciones específicas de precipitación y temperatura que favorecen el incremento de la densidad (3,13), así como con su capacidad y competencia vectorial, comprobada por las infecciones naturales y por los estudios experimentales (13,28,29).…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
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“…In 1992, an initial outbreak was reported in Venezuela, followed by additional outbreaks in 1993 in both Venezuela and Mexico [20]. In 1995, both Venezuela and Colombia reported outbreaks [21–23] involving an estimated 100,000 human cases, 3000 of which experienced neurologic complications, with 300 associated deaths [21]. There were also at least 4000 equine deaths associated with this outbreak.…”
Section: Vee Complexmentioning
confidence: 99%