Epidemic of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Denmark, 2010 and 2011

Uldum, Søren A.; Bangsborg, Jette; Gahrn-Hansen, Bente; Ljung, Rolf; Mølvadgaard, Mette; Petersen, Randi Føns; Svarrer, Christina Wiid

doi:10.2807/ese.17.05.20073-en

Cited by 72 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, information from predominantly northern European countries (Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom) and the Czech Republic does suggest that the autumn of 2011 had an increase of M. pneumoniae infections reported through the existing surveillance systems. Data from Denmark as presented earlier and in this issue [9,23] and Sweden [24] suggests that the epidemic wave started in 2010. With the results from our study, however, we cannot assess whether the reported increases fit into the expected four-to-sevenyear epidemic waves even though this seems to be indicated by data from Finland, Norway and Denmark in this issue [23,25,26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from Denmark as presented earlier and in this issue [9,23] and Sweden [24] suggests that the epidemic wave started in 2010. With the results from our study, however, we cannot assess whether the reported increases fit into the expected four-to-sevenyear epidemic waves even though this seems to be indicated by data from Finland, Norway and Denmark in this issue [23,25,26]. Institutional settings: infection control guidance for institutional care settings and nosocomial outbreaks, including respiratory tract infections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surveillance status and recent data for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in the European Union and European Economic Area, January 2012

et al. 2012

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In January 2012, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) conducted an email-based survey of European Union and European Economic Area countries to describe the existing surveillance activities for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, recent findings and existence of clinical guidelines for the treatment of M. pneumoniae infection. Of the 20 countries that participated in the survey, seven reported increases in M. pneumoniae infections observed during the autumn and winter of 2011.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance status and recent data for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in the European Union and European Economic Area, January 2012

et al. 2012

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“…This may truly indicate a higher proportion of resistant specimens in this particular outbreak or simply be a function of testing a limited number of patient specimens. In recent years, several reports have documented low levels of macrolide resistance (Յ3%) in M. pneumoniae infections across Europe, including Denmark, France, and Germany, during an active epidemic period (27)(28)(29). A recent report by Ferguson and colleagues documented the first macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae infections in the United Kingdom in 6 of 32 (19%) patients studied (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in the United States: Trends in Molecular Typing and Macrolide Resistance from 2006 to 2013

2015

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a leading cause of respiratory infections, including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Currently, pathogen-specific testing is not routinely performed in the primary care setting, and the United States lacks a systematic surveillance program for M. pneumoniae. Documentation of individual cases and clusters typically occurs only when severe illness and/or failure to improve with empirical antibiotic therapy is observed. Outbreaks, some lasting for extended periods and involving a large number of cases, occur regularly. However, many more likely go unrecognized due to the lack of diagnostic testing and structured reporting. We reviewed data from 17 investigations of cases, small clusters, and outbreaks of M. pneumoniae M ycoplasma pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen in adults and children worldwide and is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The majority of infections are self-limiting, and empirical treatment without pathogen-specific diagnostic testing is common in the primary care setting. In fact, the current treatment guidelines do not recommend diagnostic testing for suspected CAP of atypical bacterial etiology in adults in the outpatient setting unless a change in the patient treatment regimen is anticipated (1). The recommendation to perform diagnostic testing for M. pneumoniae infection in children is classified as a weak recommendation and likely not routinely performed, in part due to a lack of available diagnostic tests in the primary care setting and at state and local public health laboratories (2). The estimates of the actual number of cases occurring annually are inexact due to the lack of systematic surveillance and reporting. Although historically noted to occur in 3-to 7-year cycles, outbreaks of M. pneumoniae are common and may last for several months as a result of the long incubation period and prolonged carriage after resolution of symptoms (3-5).Excessive or inappropriate antibiotic use provides selective pressure for the development of antimicrobial resistance. In M. pneumoniae infections, macrolide resistance is an emerging threat worldwide, and in some parts of the world, Ͼ90% of M. pneumoniae infections are caused by resistant strains (6, 7). In the United States, the incidence of infection with macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae strains is not well defined, although the trait has been consistently reported over the past decade (8-10). Macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae infection has been associated with increased febrile period, increased duration of persistent cough, and extended antibiotic therapy compared to macrolide-sensitive strains (11-16).Methods for molecular typing of M. pneumoniae strains have been developed, including discrimination of two major types and variants based on the sequence of the P1 adhesion molecule gene and identification of multiple types using multilocus variablenumber tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) to examine four or five polymorphic loci. Despite development of these sophisticated typing methods, character...

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“…In 2000, however, M. pneumoniae strains showing resistance to macrolides were isolated from clinical samples obtained from Japanese pediatric patients with pneumonia, and macrolide resistance has become widespread in Japan and China (2-7). Macrolide-resistant (MR) M. pneumoniae is also emerging in pediatric populations in other countries (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). However, data on MR M. pneumoniae have mostly been reported for limited areas (2)(3)(4)(5), and there are no reports on regional differences in the prevalence of MR M. pneumoniae throughout Japan.…”

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confidence: 93%

Nationwide Surveillance of Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Pediatric Patients

Kawai

Miyashita

Kubo

et al. 2013

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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We conducted nationwide surveillance to investigate regional differences in macrolide-resistant (MR) Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains in Japan. The prevalence of MR M. pneumoniae in pediatric patients gradually increased between 2008 and 2012. Although regional differences were observed, high levels of MR genes were detected in all seven surveillance areas throughout Japan and ranged in prevalence from 50% to 93%. These regional differences were closely related to the previous administration of macrolides.

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Epidemic of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Denmark, 2010 and 2011

Cited by 72 publications

References 4 publications

Surveillance status and recent data for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in the European Union and European Economic Area, January 2012

Surveillance status and recent data for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in the European Union and European Economic Area, January 2012

Investigations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in the United States: Trends in Molecular Typing and Macrolide Resistance from 2006 to 2013

Nationwide Surveillance of Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Pediatric Patients

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