Epicuticular Wax Columns in CultivatedBrassicaSpecies and in their Close Wild Relatives

Gómez‐Campo, C.; Tortosa, María; Tewari, I.; Tewari, J. P.

doi:10.1006/anbo.1999.0849

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…An average thickness of the coatings (10.51 ± 4.80 μm) was half the size of CMC‐CnW coatings formed on pears (Kowalczyk et al, ) and apricots (Kowalczyk et al, ). Since the outer leaves of Brassica species are coated with an epicuticular wax layer (Gómez‐Campo, Tortosa, Tewari, & TewarI, ), it is possible that the highly water‐repellent surface of Brussels sprout limited the adhesion and deposition of CFS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the outer leaves of Brassica species are coated with an epicuticular wax layer (Gómez-Campo, Tortosa, Tewari, & TewarI, 1999), it is possible that the highly water-repellent surface of Brussels sprout limited the adhesion and deposition of CFS. Table 1, the coating had no effect on the WL of vegetables.…”

Section: Physiochemical and Sensory Attributes Of Brussels Sproutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological, qualitative, and microbiological changes of minimally processed Brussels sprouts in response to coating with carboxymethyl cellulose/candelilla wax emulsion

Kowalczyk

Kordowska‐Wiater

Kałwa

et al. 2019

J Food Process Preserv

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Minimally processed Brussels sprouts were coated which carboxymethyl cellulose/candelilla wax emulsion, packed in boxes with perforated wrap, and stored at 8°C. It was found that the emulsion not only was deposited on the surface but also penetrated into the inside of the heads through vascular system in stems and leaves. The coating did not affect weight loss, moisture content, and texture of the vegetables. In turn, reduced respiration rate, accelerated chlorophyll degradation, and increased activity of polyphenol oxidase was noticed in the coated Brussels sprouts. Consequently, the coating decreased the sensory quality of the vegetables. Furthermore, the coating favored fungal growth in the artificially contaminated Brussels sprouts. The changes in the vegetables were likely due to excessively decreased gas exchange performance, including ethylene accumulation. Practical applications Edible coatings are a particular form of packaging directly applied to the surface of perishables. It is widely believed that coating treatment enhances the quality of fruits and vegetables, protecting them from postharvest decay. Nevertheless, not all coatings will work well on a specific horticultural crops nor will all horticultural crops have the same needs. Consequently, when the coating material is not adequately selected, edible coatings can cause anaerobic respiration by acting as a barrier for the gas exchange between fresh produce and the surroundings. Since the coatings can be produced from various edible biomolecules, selecting a proper coating is quite problematic. In this context, the presented work shows that carboxymethyl cellulose/candelilla wax‐based coating is not suitable for the minimally processed Brussels sprouts. The results reported here could help other scientists adjust their research plans and increase their chances of success in extending postharvest shelf‐life of Brussels sprouts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiochemical and Sensory Attributes Of Brussels Sproutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological, qualitative, and microbiological changes of minimally processed Brussels sprouts in response to coating with carboxymethyl cellulose/candelilla wax emulsion

Kowalczyk

Kordowska‐Wiater

Kałwa

et al. 2019

J Food Process Preserv

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“…One example of wax crystals determined by a minor component of a complex mixture is transversely ridged rodlets (Meusel et al 1999), while the origin of longitudinally ridged rodlets is still puzzling (Meusel et al 1994). An example of a genus with very complex wax crystal morphology is B. oleracea, in which several cultivars form several different wax types (Barthlott et al 1998;Gomez-Campo et al 1999). This polymorphism most likely arises from the presence of several dominant wax compounds (Baker 1982;Shepherd et al 1995).…”

Section: Coherence Between Chemical Composition and Wax Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure–function relationships of the plant cuticle and cuticular waxes — a smart material?

Bargel

Koch

Cerman

et al. 2006

Functional Plant Biol.

282

206

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This paper is part of The EvansAbstract. The cuticle is the main interface between plants and their environment. It covers the epidermis of all aerial primary parts of plant organs as a continuous extracellular matrix. This hydrophobic natural composite consists mainly of the biopolymer, cutin, and cuticular lipids collectively called waxes, with a high degree of variability in composition and structure. The cuticle and cuticular waxes exhibit a multitude of functions that enable plant life in many different terrestrial habitats and play important roles in interfacial interactions. This review highlights structure-function relationships that are the subjects of current research activities. The surface waxes often form complex crystalline microstructures that originate from self-assembly processes. The concepts and results of the analysis of model structures and the influence of template effects are critically discussed. Recent investigations of surface waxes by electron and X-ray diffraction revealed that these could be assigned to three crystal symmetry classes, while the background layer is not amorphous, but has an orthorhombic order. In addition, advantages of the characterisation of formation of model wax types on a molecular scale are presented. Epicuticular wax crystals may cause extreme water repellency and, in addition, a striking self-cleaning property. The principles of wetting and upto-date concepts of the transfer of plant surface properties to biomimetic technical applications are reviewed. Finally, biomechanical studies have demonstrated that the cuticle is a mechanically important structure, whose properties are dynamically modified by the plant in response to internal and external stimuli. Thus, the cuticle combines many aspects attributed to smart materials.

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“…This is particularly so as natural occurrence of waxy and waxless cultivars within brassicas is common, such as in B. carinata as observed by Gómez‐Campo et al . (). The current study strongly suggests that the lack of a wax layer in susceptible B. carinata UWA#012 explains its extreme susceptibility to P. capsellae .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mechanisms of resistance in Brassica carinata, B. napus and B. juncea to Pseudocercosporella capsellae

et al. 2015

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Studies were undertaken to compare susceptible and resistant host responses to Pseudocercosporella capsellae in cotyledons of Brassica carinata, B. juncea and B. napus in order to define the mechanisms of resistance in these three species. On both resistant and susceptible hosts, hyphal penetration was always through stomatal openings and without infection pegs or appressoria. On resistant B. carinata ATC94129P, up to 72% of spores disintegrated and, generally, germination (<22%) and germ tube lengths (<25 lm) were comparatively low. Resistant B. napus Hyola 42 had the lowest germination (8%) and susceptible B. carinata UWA#012 had the highest (51%). On resistant B. carinata ATC94129P, germ tube extension was impeded across 24-60 h post-inoculation (hpi) and percentage stomatal penetration lower (4%) at 60 hpi compared with susceptible B. carinata UWA#012 (26%). Stomatal densities (stomata/ 14 757 lm 2 ) on resistant B. juncea Dune (2Á12) and B. napus Hyola 42 (1Á62) were lower than for susceptible B. juncea Vardan (2Á40) and B. napus Trilogy (2Á03). Resistant B. carinata ATC94129P had greater stomatal density (1Á89) than susceptible B. carinata UWA#012 (1Á58). Overall, B. juncea had greater stomatal density (2Á26) compared with B. napus (1Á83) and B. carinata (1Á74). In resistant B. carinata ATC94129P, P. capsellae induced 28% stomata to close, while in susceptible B. carinata UWA#012 no such closure was induced. Epicuticular wax crystalloids were present only on resistant B. carinata ATC94129P and probably also contribute towards resistance.

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Epicuticular Wax Columns in CultivatedBrassicaSpecies and in their Close Wild Relatives

Abstract: Three different types of epicuticular wax columns were found in Brassica species with a chromosome number (n) l 9 : long columns (LC), short columns (SC) and netted columns (NC

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

Physiological, qualitative, and microbiological changes of minimally processed Brussels sprouts in response to coating with carboxymethyl cellulose/candelilla wax emulsion

Physiological, qualitative, and microbiological changes of minimally processed Brussels sprouts in response to coating with carboxymethyl cellulose/candelilla wax emulsion

Structure–function relationships of the plant cuticle and cuticular waxes — a smart material?

Mechanisms of resistance in Brassica carinata, B. napus and B. juncea to Pseudocercosporella capsellae

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