Epichloë Endophytes: Clavicipitaceous Symbionts of Grasses

Schardl, Christopher L.; Balestrini, Raffaella; Florea, Simona; Zhang, Dongxiu; Scott, Barry

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-87407-2_15

Cited by 34 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…This fungus is causing an oxidative burst during cuticle penetration and lesion formation, and cytological analyses suggest that the fungus actively contributes to the elevated levels of ROS detected at infection sites (von Tiedemann, 1997;Tudzynski and Kokkelink, 2009). Also in the endophyte Epicloë festucae ROS are required for maintenance of a mutualistic interaction with perennial ryegrass, and hyphal tip growth and branching is controlled by localized bursts of ROS generated by an NADPH oxidase (NoxA) (Schardl et al, 2009;and references therein).…”

Section: Formation Of Fungal Infection Structures Invasion Of the Plmentioning

confidence: 97%

When and how to kill a plant cell: Infection strategies of plant pathogenic fungi

Horbach

Navarro-Quesada

Knogge

et al. 2011

Journal of Plant Physiology

329

215

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Section: Formation Of Fungal Infection Structures Invasion Of the Plmentioning

confidence: 97%

When and how to kill a plant cell: Infection strategies of plant pathogenic fungi

Horbach

Navarro-Quesada

Knogge

et al. 2011

Journal of Plant Physiology

329

215

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Nevertheless, a reasonable assembly has been obtained for Epichloë coenophiala, an economically important hybrid endophyte with three ancestral genomes. This particular fungus has considerable economic and ecological importance as the common endophyte of tall fescue, which is widely distributed on several continents, and the most widely planted forage grass in the United States (Rudgers, Holah, Orr, & Clay, 2007;Schardl, Scott, Florea, & Zhang, 2009). Haploid genome sizes (Table 10.2) vary roughly twofold from just under 30 Mb for Atkinsonella texensis, Claviceps paspali, and Epichloe¨gansuensis var.…”

Section: Sequenced Genomes Of the Clavicipitaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Genomes of Plant-Associated Clavicipitaceae

Schardl

Young

Moore

et al. 2014

Advances in Botanical Research

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“…agents of livestock toxicosis (Belesky & Bacon, 2009), and as beneficial organisms which reduce insect herbivory as well as increase drought tolerance of host plants (Siegel et al, 1990;Schardl, 1996;Schardl et al, 2009). During the vegetative growth phase of the host plant, Epichloë is characterised by intercellular hyphal growth with little to no penetration of the host cell wall (Christensen et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of slugs with the fungal pathogen Epichloë typhina (Ascomycotina: Clavicipitaceae): potential role in stroma fertilisation and disease spread

Hoffman

Rao

2013

Annals of Applied Biology

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Epichloë spp. are endophytes of grasses, and form epiphytic external stromata on flowering tillers. E. typhina was first noticed infecting Dactylis glomerata (= orchardgrass, cocksfoot) stands in the Willamette Valley in 1996, and soon became the primary factor limiting the longevity of seed production fields. Several species of slugs are present in these fields, and we investigated their role in E. typhina biology. Pre-dawn surveys of D. glomerata fields in 2009 and 2010 found Prophysaon andersoni and Arion subfuscus slugs feeding on the fungal stromata. When unfertilised and fertilised immature stromata predominated, approximately 80% of the individuals of these two species that were seen on plants were found on the stromata. As the majority of stromata reached maturity the presence of these species on stromata declined to between 20-40%. The common agricultural slug pest, Deroceras reticulatum, was on stromata only 20% of the time early in the season, and declined to <5% at stromata maturity. Observations of frass from slugs determined that the most common constituent was the food sources upon which the slug species was usually found during these surveys. Typically 100% of the frass from P. andersoni and A. subfuscus contained stroma material, compared to 25% for D. reticulatum. Spermatia, and ascospores later in the season, were commonly seen in the frass of slugs that consumed stromata. Some slugs that had no stroma material in their frass appeared to have consumed spermatia and ascospores from the leaf surface. A multiple-choice laboratory test confirmed the different proportional preferences of P. andersoni and D. reticulatum for stroma (0.72 vs 0.20) and leaf (0.07 vs 0.38), respectively. Two laboratory multiple-choice tests, and a field survey, found that P. andersoni preferred unfertilised and immature stroma over mature stroma. D. reticulatum is the most common and abundant slug in Willamette Valley grass seed fields, yet it is the least likely to move spermatia between unfertilised stromata, or ascospores to uninfected plants. P. andersoni and A. subfuscus are mycophagous, frequently transport viable spermatia and ascospores in their frass; yet they are generally confined to field edges. Data and observations suggest the role of slugs in the epidemiology of E. typhina is small compared to other factors.Epichloë typhina (Pers.:Fr.) Tul. is the primary factor limiting the longevity of productive Dactylis glomerata

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Epichloë Endophytes: Clavicipitaceous Symbionts of Grasses

Cited by 34 publications

References 181 publications

When and how to kill a plant cell: Infection strategies of plant pathogenic fungi

When and how to kill a plant cell: Infection strategies of plant pathogenic fungi

Genomes of Plant-Associated Clavicipitaceae

Association of slugs with the fungal pathogen Epichloë typhina (Ascomycotina: Clavicipitaceae): potential role in stroma fertilisation and disease spread

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