(−)-Epicatechin and the colonic metabolite 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid protect against high glucose and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in renal proximal tubular cells through NOX-4/p38 signalling

Álvarez-Cilleros, David; López-Oliva, María Elvira; Ramos, Sonia

doi:10.1039/d0fo01805h

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Cell viability was determined by using the crystal violet assay. 22 H9c2 cells were seeded (0.5 × 10 4 cells per well) in 24-well plates, and after the treatment were incubated with crystal violet (0.2% in ethanol) for 20 min. Plates were rinsed with distilled water, allowed to dry, and 1% sodium dodecylsulfate was added.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic regulation of (−)-epicatechin and the colonic metabolite 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid on the glucose uptake, lipid accumulation and insulin signalling in cardiac H9c2 cells

et al. 2022

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic regulation of (−)-epicatechin and the colonic metabolite 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid on the glucose uptake, lipid accumulation and insulin signalling in cardiac H9c2 cells

et al. 2022

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“…CA from Sonchus oleraceus Linn synergistically attenuated insulin resistance, modulated glucose uptake in HepG2 cells (Chen et al, 2019), attenuated DR by reducing VEGF expression, and inhibited VEGFmediated retinal neoangiogenesis (Mei et al, 2018). Furthermore, EP protects renal proximal tubular cells from high glucose inflammation (Cilleros et al, 2020). Our results show that each component plays a significant antioxidant role, reducing inflammation and apoptosis.…”

Section: Hpe Downregulates Inflammatory and Apoptotic Protein Acetymentioning

confidence: 68%

Hawthorn polyphenols reduce high glucose‐induced inflammation and apoptosis in ARPE‐19 cells by regulating miR‐34a/SIRT1 to reduce acetylation

Liu

Fang

et al. 2021

J. Food Biochem.

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Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication in patients with diabetes. Herein, we investigate how hawthorn polyphenol extract (HPE) affects high glucose-induced oxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. HPLC-MS/MS was used to determine HPE content and composition. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed using fluorescence microscopy, while glucose-induced gene and protein expressions were analyzed using real-time PCR and western blotting in cells transfected with miR-34a mimics. We found that treating cells with 10 μg/ml of HPE, 30 μM procyanidin B2, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, or resveratrol (positive control) significantly reduced ROS production and decreased apoptosis and inflammationrelated factors (p < .01). Moreover, the expression level of SIRT1 was increased, while that of acetylated NF-κB p65 and p53 proteins was decreased. These data suggest that HPE can inhibit oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis through the AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway, and decrease miR-34a/SIRT1/p53 pathway activation in ARPE-19 cells, thereby demonstrating a potential use as a food additive to mitigate hyperglycemia-induced retinal damage. Practical applications Hawthorn polyphenol extract (HPE) significantly reduced ROS levels, apoptosis, and the expression of inflammation-related factors in ARPE-19 cells. HPE also inhibited the AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB and miR-34a/SIRT1/p53 pathways, which are involved in hyperglycemia-induced inflammation and apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells by regulating acetylation. Thus, HPE, as a potential food additive, may mitigate hyperglycemiainduced retinal damage.

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“…Furthermore, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid had the highest content, which increased 143.9-fold after 60-day G. uralensis fermentation. According to the previous study, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid displayed good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities (Adjimani and Asare 2015 ; Alvarez Cilleros et al 2020 ). Moreover, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol and 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoate increased 291.4- and 89.1-fold through the biotransformation of M. ruber BCRC 31,535, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The order of relative intensity was 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid > leucine > 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoate > 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid against DPPH free radicals and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation have been demonstrated (Adjimani and Asare 2015 ; Alvarez Cilleros et al 2020 ). Thus, 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoate and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol were further used to verify their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the high-yield monacolin K strain from Monascus spp. and its submerged fermentation using different medicinal plants

Chen

Hwang

et al. 2022

Bot Stud

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Background Medical plants confer various benefits to human health and their bioconversion through microbial fermentation can increase efficacy, reduce toxicity, conserve resources and produce new chemical components. In this study, the cholesterol-lowering monacolin K genes and content produced by Monascus species were identified. The high-yield monacolin K strain further fermented with various medicinal plants. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, red pigment and monacolin K content, total phenolic content, and metabolites in the fermented products were analyzed. Results Monacolin K was detected in Monascus pilosus (BCRC 38072), and Monascus ruber (BCRC 31533, 31523, 31534, 31535, and 33323). It responded to the highly homologous mokA and mokE genes encoding polyketide synthase and dehydrogenase. The high-yield monacolin K strain, M. ruber BCRC 31535, was used for fermentation with various medicinal plants. A positive relationship between the antioxidant capacity and total phenol content of the fermented products was observed after 60 days of fermentation, and both declined after 120 days of fermentation. By contrast, red pigment and monacolin K accumulated over time during fermentation, and the highest monacolin K content was observed in the fermentation of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, as confirmed by RT-qPCR. Moreover, Monascus-fermented medicinal plants including Paeonia lactiflora, Alpinia oxyphylla, G. uralensis, and rice were not cytotoxic. Only the product of Monascus-fermented G. uralensis significantly exhibited the anti-inflammatory capacity in a dose-dependent manner in lipopolysaccharide-induced Raw264.7 cells. The metabolites of G. uralensis with and without fermentation (60 days) were compared by LC/MS. 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, and 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoate were considered to enhance the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ability. Conclusions Given that highly homologous monacolin K and citrinin genes can be observed in Monascus spp., monacolin K produced by Monascus species without citrinin genes can be detected through the complementary methods of PCR and HPLC. In addition, the optimal fermentation time was important to the acquisition of antioxidants, red pigment and monacolin K. These bioactive substances were significantly affected by medicinal plants over fermentation time. Consequently, Monascus-fermented G. uralensis had a broad spectrum of biological activities.

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(−)-Epicatechin and the colonic metabolite 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid protect against high glucose and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in renal proximal tubular cells through NOX-4/p38 signalling

Abstract: Chronic hyperglycaemia and inflammation are present in diabetes, and both processes have been related to the pathogenesis of the diabetic kidney disease. Epicatechin (EC) and main colonic phenolic acids derived...

Cited by 27 publications

References 48 publications

Metabolic regulation of (−)-epicatechin and the colonic metabolite 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid on the glucose uptake, lipid accumulation and insulin signalling in cardiac H9c2 cells

Metabolic regulation of (−)-epicatechin and the colonic metabolite 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid on the glucose uptake, lipid accumulation and insulin signalling in cardiac H9c2 cells

Hawthorn polyphenols reduce high glucose‐induced inflammation and apoptosis in ARPE‐19 cells by regulating miR‐34a/SIRT1 to reduce acetylation

Identification of the high-yield monacolin K strain from Monascus spp. and its submerged fermentation using different medicinal plants

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