EPIC: An operational model for evaluation of agricultural sustainability

Jones, Charles; Dyke, P. T.; Williams, J. R.; Kiniry, James R.; Benson, Verel W.; Griggs, R.H.

doi:10.1016/0308-521x(91)90057-h

Cited by 120 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In these systems, the N cycle is driven by large inputs from fertilization and large outputs with biomass export, denitrification and seepage. (Whitehead, 1990;Jones et al, 1991;Lunn et al, 1996). In contrast, N inputs to forests from the atmosphere occur only at relatively low rates and are distributed more or less homogeneously throughout the year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N fluxes in two nitrogen saturated forested catchments in Germany: dynamics and modelling with INCA

Langusch

Matzner

2002

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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The N cycle in forests of the temperate zone in Europe has been changed substantially by the impact of atmospheric N deposition. Here, the fluxes and concentrations of mineral N in throughfall, soil solution and runoff in two German catchments, receiving high N inputs are investigated to test the applicability of an Integrated Nitrogen Model for European Catchments (INCA) to small forested catchments. The Lehstenbach catchment (419 ha) is located in the German Fichtelgebirge (NO Bavaria, 690-871 m asl.) and is stocked with Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) of different ages. The Steinkreuz catchment (55 ha) with European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) as the dominant tree species is located in the Steigerwald (NW Bavaria, 400-460 m asl.). The mean annual N fluxes with throughfall were slightly higher at the Lehstenbach (24.6 kg N ha -1 ) than at the Steinkreuz (20.4 kg N ha -1 ). In both catchments the N fluxes in the soil are dominated by NO 3 . At Lehstenbach, the N output with seepage at 90 cm soil depth was similar to the N flux with throughfall. At Steinkreuz more than 50 % of the N deposited was retained in the upper soil horizons. In both catchments, the NO 3 fluxes with runoff were lower than those with seepage. The average annual NO 3 concentrations in runoff in both catchments were between 0.7 to 1.4 mg NO 3 -N L -1 and no temporal trend was observed. The N budgets at the catchment scale indicated similar amounts of N retention (Lehstenbach: 19 kg N ha -1 yr -1 ; Steinkreuz: 17 kg N ha -1 yr -1 ). The parameter settings of the INCA model were simplified to reduce the model complexity. In both catchments, the NO 3 concentrations and fluxes in runoff were matched well by the model. The seasonal patterns with lower NO 3 runoff concentrations in summer at the Lehstenbach catchment were replicated. INCA underestimated the increased NO 3 concentrations during short periods of rewetting in late autumn at the Steinkreuz catchment. The model will be a helpful tool for the calculation of "critical loads" for the N deposition in Central European forests including different hydrological regimes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N fluxes in two nitrogen saturated forested catchments in Germany: dynamics and modelling with INCA

Langusch

Matzner

2002

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…(Jones et al, 1991) lo renombró recientemente como la Política Medioambiental Integrada al Clima. Sin embargo, el modelo EPIC fue desarrollado para estudiar los problemas de erosión originalmente y no el impacto de cambio del clima y variabilidad del clima en la producción agrícola.…”

Section: Otros Modelos De Cultivounclassified

Modelos de impacto en la agricultura teniendo en cuenta los escenarios de la agricultura del cambio climático

Montenegro

Zarabozo

Baca

2015

(Rev. iberoam. bioecon. cambio clim.)

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La presente reseña o recopilación de estudios realizados en Cuba y Nicaragua, tiene como propósito examinar, los impactos potenciales del cambio climático sobre el sector agropecuario mediante el uso de la modelación, con el fin de brindar elementos que puedan tomarse en cuenta para la formulación de políticas agropecuarias y ambientales, ya que conocer los posibles impactos del cambio climático, es un primer paso hacia la acción eficaz.Se analizan los posibles impactos de las variaciones de las variables climáticas sobre el sector agropecuario, sobre algunos de los cultivos más importantes. Asimismo se contabilizan los impactos económicos a través escenarios climáticos futuros.El estudio en el sector de agricultura arrojó una amplia gama de resultados que abarcan tanto consecuencias perjudiciales como beneficiosas, en función de que los niveles del efecto de fertilización por CO2 (estimados en los laboratorios) se alcancen en la práctica para las plantas de ciclo fotosintético C3.Rev. iberoam. bioecon. cambio clim. Vol.1(1) 2015; 1-50

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“…Improved and expanded crop growth submodel Williams et al (1989) Enhanced root growth functions Jones et al (1991) Improved nitrogen fixation routine for legume crops that calculates fixation as a function of soil water, soil N, and crop physiological stage Bouniols et al (1991) Incorporation of pesticide routines from GLEAMS model Improved crop growth parameters for sunflower Kiniry et al (1992a) Incorporation of CO 2 and vapor pressure effects on radiation use efficiency, leaf resistance, and transpiration of crops Stockle et al (1992a) Incorporation of functions that allow two or more crops to be grown simultaneously Kiniry et al (1992b) Improved soil temperature component Potter and Williams (1994) Improved crop growth parameters for cereal, oilseed, and forage crops grown in the North American northern Great Plains region Kiniry et al (1995) Improved and expanded weather generator component Incorporation of NRCS TR-55 peak runoff rate component Incorporation of MUSS, MUST, and MUSI water erosion routines Incorporation of nitrification-volatilization component Improved water table dynamics routine Incorporation of RUSLE water erosion equation Renard (1997) Improved snowmelt runoff and erosion component Purveen et al (1997) Improved EPIC wind erosion model (WESS) Potter et al (1998) Incorporation of Baier-Robertson PET routine Roloff et al (1998) Incorporation of Green and Ampt infiltration function Williams, Arnold, and Srinivasan (2000) Enhanced carbon cycling routine that is based on the Century model approach Izaurralde et al (2004) Incorporation of a potassium (K) cycling routine De Barros, Williams, and Gaiser (2004) a Some sources do not explicitly document the modification but are the best description of the modification available or present an application of the specific subcomponent.…”

Section: Epic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first RCA appraisal conducted in 1980 revealed a significant need for improved technology for evaluating the impacts of soil erosion on soil productivity (Putnam, Williams, and Sawyer 1988). In response, the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model was developed by a USDA modeling team in the early 1980s to address this technology gap (Williams, Jones, and Dyke 1984;Williams 1990;Sharpley and Williams 1990;Jones et al 1991). The first major application of EPIC was for the second RCA appraisal in 1985, in which the model was used to evaluate soil erosion impacts for 135 U.S. land resource regions (Putnam, Williams, and Sawyer 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Development and Applications of the EPIC and APEX models

Gassman

Williams²,

Benson³

et al. 2004

2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004

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The development of the field-scale Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model was initiated in 1981 to support assessments of soil erosion impacts on soil productivity for soil, climate, and cropping conditions representative of a broad spectrum of U.S. agricultural production regions. The first major application of EPIC was a national analysis performed in support of the 1985 Resources Conservation Act (RCA) assessment. The model has continuously evolved since that time and has been applied for a wide range of field, regional, and national studies both in the U.S. and in other countries. The range of EPIC applications has also expanded greatly over that time, including studies of (1) surface runoff and leaching estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus losses from fertilizer and manure applications, (2) leaching and runoff from simulated pesticide applications, (3) soil erosion losses from wind erosion, (4) climate change impacts on crop yield and erosion, and (5) soil carbon sequestration assessments. The EPIC acronym now stands for Erosion Policy Impact Climate, to reflect the greater diversity of problems to which the model is currently applied. The Agricultural Policy EXtender (APEX) model is essentially a multi-field version of EPIC that was developed in the late 1990s to address environmental problems associated with livestock and other agricultural production systems on a whole-farm or small watershed basis. The APEX model also continues to evolve and to be utilized for a wide variety of environmental assessments. The historical development for both models will be presented, as well as example applications on several different scales.

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EPIC: An operational model for evaluation of agricultural sustainability

Cited by 120 publications

References 15 publications

N fluxes in two nitrogen saturated forested catchments in Germany: dynamics and modelling with INCA

N fluxes in two nitrogen saturated forested catchments in Germany: dynamics and modelling with INCA

Modelos de impacto en la agricultura teniendo en cuenta los escenarios de la agricultura del cambio climático

Historical Development and Applications of the EPIC and APEX models

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