“…However, this increase in heart rate in the atropine group was observed at all minutes up to 25 except for 10. Shahriari & Khooshideh (2017) investigated ephedrine and atropine in preventing bradycardia in elderly patients undergoing skin tumor resection, whereby the effect of ephedrine was reported to be greater than atropine in managing symptomatic bradycardia. In the present study, again ephedrine had developed a balanced heart rate without fluctuation in most minutes in patients.…”