EPA's 2006 Human-Subjects Rule for Pesticide Experiments

Shrader‐Frechette, Kristin

doi:10.1080/08989620701670161

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(19 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, a pesticide company might conduct a study with a small sample size that shows no evidence of adverse effects of exposing human subjects to low doses of one of its products (Michaels, 2008; Shrader-Frechette, 2007). Because the study is underpowered, it is not likely to demonstrate a statistically significant adverse effect.…”

Section: How Financial Relationships Can Impact Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers and institutions can have a significant stake in the outcome of a study if they own patents related to the research or they have stock in a company sponsoring the research. One reason why numerous authors have recently called for more studies of pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals through government funding agencies such as the NIH and the National Science Foundation (NSF) is that these agencies are not seen as having a significant financial stake in obtaining specific outcomes (American Public Health Association, 2003; Volz and Elliott, 2012; Shrader-Frechette, 2007). Thus, while researchers funded by these agencies still face numerous pressures that can affect their judgment, financial stakes for the study sponsors are not perceived to be one of those influences.…”

Section: Taking Financial Relationships Into Account When Evaluating mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of financial relationships have become a concern in research sponsored by the chemical (Goozner, 2004b; Elliott, 2011; Volz and Elliott, 2012), energy (Michaels, 2008), food and beverage (Lesser et al, 2007; Barbor, 2009; Rowe et al, 2009), pesticide (Sass and Needleman, 2004; Shrader-Frechette, 2007), and tobacco (Bero, 2005; Michaels, 2008) industries. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Taking Financial Relationships into Account When Assessing Research

Resnik

Elliott

2013

Accountability in Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many scientific journals, government agencies, and universities require disclosure of sources of funding and financial interests related to research, such as stock ownership, consulting arrangements with companies, and patents. Although disclosure has become one of the central approaches for responding to financial conflicts of interest (COIs) in research, critics contend that information about financial COIs does not serve as a reliable indicator of research credibility, and therefore, studies should be evaluated solely based on their scientific merits. We argue that, while it is indeed important to evaluate studies on their scientific merits, it is often difficult to detect significant influences of financial relationships that affect research credibility. Moreover, at least five factors can be examined to determine whether financial relationships are likely to enhance, undermine, or have no impact on the credibility of research. These include as follows: whether sponsors, institutions, or researchers have a significant financial stake in the outcome of a study; whether the financial interests of the sponsors, institutions, or researchers coincide with the goal of conducting research that is objective and reliable; whether the sponsor, institution, or researchers have a history of biasing research in order to promote their financial goals; how easy it is to manipulate the research in order to achieve financial goals; and whether oversight mechanisms are in place which are designed to minimize bias. Since these factors vary from case to case, evaluating the impact of financial relationships depends on the circumstances. In some situations, onemay decide that the financial relationships significantly undermine the study’s credibility; in others, one may decide that they have no impact on credibility or even enhance it.

show abstract

Section: How Financial Relationships Can Impact Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Taking Financial Relationships Into Account When Evaluating mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Taking Financial Relationships into Account When Assessing Research

Resnik

Elliott

2013

Accountability in Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Articles have examined financial COIs and sources of funding in research on the safety of industrial chemicals, 16,17 pesticides, 18 genetically modified foods, 19 sugar-sweetened beverages, 20 endocrine-disrupting compounds, 4,21 and electronic cigarettes. 22 Friedman and Friedman recently conducted a study of 373 articles published in 17 highly-cited environmental or occupational health journals in 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict of Interest and Funding Disclosure Policies of Environmental, Occupational, and Public Health Journals

Resnik

Konecny

Kissling

2017

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective To analyze conflict of interest and funding disclosure policies of 224 journals listed in Journal Citation Reports as focusing on environmental, occupational, or public health research. Method Survey of journal policies and content analysis. Results 96.0% of the policies required COI disclosure, 92.4% required funding disclosure, 75.9% defined COIs, 69.6% provided examples of COIs, 68.8% addressed non-financial COIs, 33.9% applied to editors and reviewers, 32.1% required discussion of the role of the funding source, and 1.8% included enforcement mechanisms. Policies were significantly associated with journal impact factor and publisher. Conclusion Although a high percentage of journals in our sample have COI policies that provide substantial guidance to authors, there is room for improvement. Journals which have not done so should consider developing enforcement mechanisms and applying COI policies to editors and reviewers.

show abstract

“…A literature survey has revealed that fluoride inhibits sperm function, morphology, motility, induce sperm apoptosis and interrupt the sperm function, including capacitation, hyper activation and the acrosome reaction [4][5] all of which are the key process in fertilization, both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, according to National Research Council annual report [6], fluoride is an endocrine disruptor altering normal endocrine functions thus might affect sperm function by binding to its receptors on spermatozoa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleviation of Fluoride Induced Alterations in Antioxidant Status and Fecundity of Spermatozoa of Rats by Boerhaavia Diffusa L.

Shashi

Khan

2017

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: The present study focused on the effect of oral administration of sodium fluoride on antioxidant status and fecundity of spermatozoa of rats and also to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Boerhaavia diffusa L.Methods: Wistar male rats (weighing 100-150g) were administered sodium fluoride (at three different doses 100, 200 and 300 ppm/kg BW) daily for 20 and 40 d. At the end of the experimental period, half of the animals were sacrificed and their epididymis was removed. Remaining half rats were administered B. diffusa (250 and 500 mg/kg BW) for 20 d. Level of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was estimated. Sperm morphology, count, motility and viability were also determined.Results: There was a dose-dependent significant decrease in activity of SOD (p<0.01) and CAT (p<0.05), and increase (p<0.01) in the level of MDA in experimental rats as compared to the control group. Sperm count, motility and viability were also decreased significantly (p<0.0001) in rats treated with fluoride. The fluorotic rats exhibited morphological abnormalities in the head (amorphous, hookless, double headed and bent), tail (coiled, hairpin looped, double-tailed) and body (short, large and presence of protoplasmic process) of spermatozoa as compared to control group. These toxic effects were reversed by the administration of leaf extract of Boerhaavia diffusa L. Conclusion:The results suggest that Boerhaavia diffusa L. extract attenuates fluoride exerted disruptions to spermatozoa.

show abstract

EPA's 2006 Human-Subjects Rule for Pesticide Experiments

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Taking Financial Relationships into Account When Assessing Research

Taking Financial Relationships into Account When Assessing Research

Conflict of Interest and Funding Disclosure Policies of Environmental, Occupational, and Public Health Journals

Alleviation of Fluoride Induced Alterations in Antioxidant Status and Fecundity of Spermatozoa of Rats by Boerhaavia Diffusa L.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About