EPA HDEWG Program - Statistical Analysis

Mason, Robert L.; Matheaus, Andrew; Ryan, Thomas W.; Sobotowski, Rafal A.; Wall, John C.; Hobbs, Christine H.; Passavant, Glenn W.; Bond, T

doi:10.4271/2000-01-1859

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…33,39 Consistent fuel effects have not been found for the impact of cetane number on NO x emissions; however, the use of cetane number improvement additives has been shown to reduce NO x emissions. [29][30][31][32]34,39,40 The results of the engine dynamometer part of this study are in general agreement with the literature, although since the CARB diesel fuel has a combination of a lower density, aromatics content, and PAH content, and a higher cetane number compared to Federal diesel fuels, the individual effects of these different variables could not be distinguished.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…25 A majority of studies have shown that a reduction of aromatic content leads to reductions of NO x emissions. 29–33 A few studies have reported either very small or no impacts of aromatic content on NO x emissions, however. 34–38 Some studies have shown that reducing density reduces NO x emissions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34–38 Some studies have shown that reducing density reduces NO x emissions. 29–31 In most studies, however, there are intercorrelations between density and aromatic content, so it is difficult to distinguish between the effects of these two variables. 33,39 Consistent fuel effects have not been found for the impact of cetane number on NO x emissions; however, the use of cetane number improvement additives has been shown to reduce NO x emissions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the period of time since the California diesel fuel regulation was put in place, diesel engine technology has evolved considerably. Major studies have been conducted within the US, 11–15 Japan, 16,17 and Europe 18 to examine the impacts of fuel properties on emissions with changing engine technology, and several reviews have been conducted by different authors. 19–24 Based on his analysis, Hochhauser suggested that reductions in density and polyaromatic compounds, as opposed to total aromatics, lead to reductions in NO x and/or PM, although the existing data were complicated by a lack of orthogonality among variables, a small number of engines/vehicles, and differences in test cycles in many studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the emissions from the use of California Air Resources Board qualified diesel fuels in comparison with Federal diesel fuels

Hajbabaei

Johnson

Guthrie

et al. 2012

International Journal of Engine Research

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The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has regulated the properties of diesel fuel sold in California since 1988 to lower emissions of particulate matter (PM) and oxides of nitrogen (NO x ). Although many studies have shown that reduced levels of aromatics and higher cetane numbers can improve emissions, the actual impact of CARB fuels on inuse diesel emissions has not yet been extensively studied, especially as diesel engine and aftertreatment technology has evolved over the years. This study evaluates the differences between California and Federal diesel fuels with heavy-duty engine and chassis dynamometer tests. The engine dynamometer results showed that NO x emissions for the Federal fuels ranged from 4.7% to 9.5% higher than the CARB diesel. These NO x reductions are similar to the estimates being used in the latest regulations. The chassis dynamometer test results did not show as consistent trends for NO x as those seen for the engine dynamometer testing. For the chassis dynamometer testing, four out of ten vehicles showed consistent reductions in NO x , with emissions for the Federal fuels ranging from 3.3% to 9.9% higher than the CARB diesel, while the other six vehicles did not show consistent fuel impacts. On an absolute level, the NO x benefit for CARB diesel shows a decline with continuing advances in engine technology. The results showed that CARB diesel did not show strong benefits for PM. The results also showed that the introduction of aftertreatment systems for PM and NO x will, over time, largely eliminate any potential benefits that might be obtained through the use of CARB diesel, although NO x benefits will persist through to 2020.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the emissions from the use of California Air Resources Board qualified diesel fuels in comparison with Federal diesel fuels

Hajbabaei

Johnson

Guthrie

et al. 2012

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…Recent studies by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Heavy-Duty Engine Working Group have highlighted the difficulties in standardizing analytical procedures for diesel fuel hydrocarbon type analyses for engine emissions studies. ,, Most chemical or physical diesel fuel analyses in these studies were measured by several laboratories and the data presented as averages. This is normal practice in multistakeholder studies of the effects of fuel and engine properties on emissions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel Fuel Analysis by GC−FIMS: Aromatics, n-Paraffins, and Isoparaffins

Briker¹,

Ring²,

Iacchelli³

et al. 2000

Energy Fuels

113

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A reliable characterization method giving a detailed hydrocarbon composition profile for transportation fuels is an important part of any process that optimizes fuel reformulation and engine design to reduce regulated emissions. This study describes the development of a modified gas chromatography field ionization mass spectrometry (GC-FIMS) method for detailed hydrocarbon type determination of diesel fuel. Diesel fuels were analyzed by GC-FIMS, and the calculated hydrocarbon type composition profile was compared with that determined by other standard techniques. Results for total saturates, total aromatics, monoaromatics, and polyaromatics contents correlated well. Selected ion chromatograms demonstrated the separation of isoparaffins and normal paraffins in typical diesel fuels. The GC-FIMS method produced results for isoparaffin, normal paraffin, and cycloparaffin contents that did not require sample pretreatment to separate saturates and aromatics fractions. Analysis of a gasoline sample showed excellent agreement between GC-FIMS and detailed hydrocarbon analysis or PIONA for total cycloparaffin content, and reasonable agreement for iso-and normal paraffin contents. The normal paraffin contents of selected diesel blends measured by GC-FIMS correlated well with that measured by other methods. Experiments with internal standardization verified the accuracy of the GC-FIMS method for selected hydrocarbon isomers.

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