EPA/DHA Concentrate by Urea Complexation Decreases Hyperinsulinemia and Increases Plin5 in the Liver of Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Espinosa, Alejandra; Ross, Andrés; Dovale-Rosabal, Gretel; Fuente, Francisco Pino-de la; Uribe-Oporto, Ernesto; Sacristán, Camila; Ruiz, Paulina; Valenzuela, Rodrigo; Romero, Nalda; Aubourg, Santiago P.; Rodrı́guez, Alicia

doi:10.3390/molecules25143289

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Table 1 shows the DRCSO characterization by physical and chemical analyses. Values obtained for the free fatty acids (FFA) content, peroxide value (PV), p -anisidine value (AV) and total oxidation (TOTOX) (0.20 ± 0.00 g oleic acid/100 g oil; 0.40 ± 0.00 meq active oxygen/kg oil; 1.13 ± 0.02; and 1.93 ± 0.02, respectively) reveal low lipid oxidation and hydrolytic development, which agrees with previous research on different kinds of fish oils, including salmon oil [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Notably, the present DRCSO oxidation values found are under the limits recommended for human consumption (i.e., 15–20 for the AV value) [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…For the DRCSO, the AV was lower than the 20-unit limit established by Codex and GOED. In the literature, values of 6.84 ± 0.46, 5.14 ± 1.02 and 3.70 ± 0.33 were observed in refined salmon oil [ 29 , 31 , 39 ]. In addition, the DRCSO also complies with the Canadian legislation NHP Fish Oil, PhEur Fish Oil Types I and II, Br Pharm, Fish Oil, Australia Natural Fish Oil Types I and II and USP Fish oil [ 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of EPA- and DHA-Enriched Structured Acylglycerols at the sn-2 Position Starting from Commercial Salmon Oil by Enzymatic Lipase Catalysis under Supercritical Conditions

et al. 2021

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There is consistent evidence that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) belonging to the n-3 series, i.e., eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3, DHA) acids, decrease the risk of heart, circulatory and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the bioavailability of such fatty acids has been shown to depend on their location in triacylglycerol (TG) molecules at the sn-2 position. Consequently, great attention has been accorded to the synthesis of structured acylglycerols (sAG), which include EPA or DHA at the sn-2 position. The aim of this work was to synthesize sAG starting from deodorized refined commercial salmon oil. For this, immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (nonspecific) was used as a catalyst for the intra–interesterification process under CO2 supercritical conditions (CO2SC). According to the CO2SC reaction time, three different fractions including sAG compounds were obtained. The location of EPA and DHA at the sn-2 position in the resulting glycerol backbone was identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis. In all fractions obtained, a marked decrease in the starting TG content was observed, while an increase in the DHA content at the sn-2 position was detected. The fraction obtained after the longest reaction time period (2 h) led to the highest yield of sn-2 position DHA in the resulting sAG molecule.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of EPA- and DHA-Enriched Structured Acylglycerols at the sn-2 Position Starting from Commercial Salmon Oil by Enzymatic Lipase Catalysis under Supercritical Conditions

et al. 2021

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“…The results of the study also found that liver glycogen content significantly increased with increasing dietary lipid levels, which was consistent with the histomorphology reflection of the liver. LD-associated proteins perilipin (plin) are crucial for both adipogenesis and lipolysis [ 31 ]. Perilipin 3 covers nascent neutral lipids and affects the ability of the cell to accumulate TG [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Triploid Rainbow Trout Can Adapt to Various Dietary Lipid Levels by Coordinating Metabolism in Different Tissues

et al. 2023

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Triploid rainbow trout can adapt to various dietary lipid levels; however, the mechanisms of systematic adaptation are not well understood. To investigate how adult triploid rainbow trout maintains lipid hemostasis under different exogenous lipid intake, a 77-day feeding trial was conducted. Diets with lipid contents of 20%, 25%, and 30% were formulated and fed to triploid rainbow trout with an initial weight of 3 ± 0.02 kg, and they were named L20, L25, and L30 group, respectively. Results showed that the condition factor, hepatosomatic index, liver color, and plasma triglyceride were comparable among three groups (p > 0.05), whereas the value of specific growth rate, viscerosomatic index, and liver glycogen content gradually increased with increasing dietary lipid level (p < 0.05). A significantly highest value of plasma glucose and nonesterified fatty acids were found in the L30 group (p < 0.05), whereas the significantly higher content of plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol was found in the L25 group compared with those in L20 group (p < 0.05). As for lipid deposition, abdominal adipose tissue, and muscle were the main lipid storage place for triploid rainbow trout when tissues’ weight is taken into consideration. Overall quantitative PCR showed that the lipid transport and glycolysis were upregulated, and fatty acids oxidative was downregulated in liver when fish were fed low lipid diets. It meant that the liver was the primary lipid metabolizing organ to low lipid diet feeding, which could switch energy supply between glycolysis and fatty acids oxidation. Fish fed with a moderate dietary lipid level diet could increase lipid uptake and promote lipogenesis in muscle. Abdominal adipose tissue could efficiently uptake excess exogenous free fatty acid through upregulating fatty acid uptake and synthesis de novo and then storing it in the form of triglyceride. Excess lipid uptake is preferentially stored in abdominal adipose tissue through coordinated fatty acid uptake and fatty acid synthesis de novo as dietary lipid levels increased. In summary, triploid rainbow trout can adapt to various dietary lipid levels by coordinating metabolism in different tissues.

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“…The C. cohnii biomass production step was followed by biomass saponification and lipid fractionation using the urea complexation method, which has been successfully used to concentrate PUFA in diverse lipidic materials, including vegetable and fish microalgal oils [11,16,27,33].…”

Section: Cohnii Faee Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the FFA obtained after the saponification step was converted into EE before the addition of urea (Figure 1), since ethanol is less toxic than methanol [49]. Indeed, several authors have enriched PUFA EE, rather than PUFA methyl ester (ME), from lipidic samples [11,50,51]. The main sources of EPA and DHA are currently commercial formulations based on oral ethyl ester [10].…”

Section: Cohnii Faee Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biorefinery of the Marine Microalga Crypthecodinium cohnii as a Strategy to Valorize Microalgal Oil Fractions

et al. 2022

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Chrypthecodinium cohnii lipids have been almost exclusively used as a source of Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Such an approach wastes the remaining microalgal lipid fraction. The present work presents a novel process to produce C. cohnii biomass, using low-cost industrial by-products (raw glycerol and corn steep liquor), in a 7L-bioreactor, under fed-batch regime. At the end of the fermentation, the biomass concentration reached 9.2 g/L and the lipid content and lipid average productivity attained 28.0% (w/w dry cell weight) and 13.6 mg/L h, respectively. Afterwards the microalgal biomass underwent a saponification reaction to produce fatty acid (FA) soaps, which were further converted into FA ethyl ester (FA EE). C. cohnii FA EE mixture was then fractionated, using the urea complexation method at different temperatures, in order to obtain a polyunsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester (PUFA EE) rich fraction, that could be used for food/pharmaceutical/cosmetic purposes, and a saturated fatty acid ethyl ester (SAT EE) rich fraction, which could be used as biodiesel. The temperature that promoted the best separation between PUFA and SAT EE, was −18 °C, resulting in a liquid fraction with 91.6% (w/w) DHA, and a solid phase with 88.2% of SAT and monounsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester (MONOUNSAT), which could be used for biodiesel purposes after a hydrogenation step.

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EPA/DHA Concentrate by Urea Complexation Decreases Hyperinsulinemia and Increases Plin5 in the Liver of Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Synthesis of EPA- and DHA-Enriched Structured Acylglycerols at the sn-2 Position Starting from Commercial Salmon Oil by Enzymatic Lipase Catalysis under Supercritical Conditions

Synthesis of EPA- and DHA-Enriched Structured Acylglycerols at the sn-2 Position Starting from Commercial Salmon Oil by Enzymatic Lipase Catalysis under Supercritical Conditions

Adult Triploid Rainbow Trout Can Adapt to Various Dietary Lipid Levels by Coordinating Metabolism in Different Tissues

The Biorefinery of the Marine Microalga Crypthecodinium cohnii as a Strategy to Valorize Microalgal Oil Fractions

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