Eosinophils in Oral Disease: A Narrative Review

Abstract

The prevalence of diseases characterised by eosinophilia is on the rise, emphasising the importance of understanding the role of eosinophils in these conditions. Eosinophils are a subset of granulocytes that contribute to the body’s defence against bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, but they are also implicated in haemostatic processes, including immunoregulation and allergic reactions. They contain cytoplasmic granules which can be selectively mobilised and secrete specific proteins, including chemokines, cytokines, enzymes, extracellular matrix, and growth factors. There are multiple biological and emerging functions of these specialised immune cells, including cancer surveillance, tissue remodelling and development. Several oral diseases, including oral cancer, are associated with either tissue or blood eosinophilia; however, their exact mechanism of action in the pathogenesis of these diseases remains unclear. This review presents a comprehensive synopsis of the most recent literature for both clinicians and scientists in relation to eosinophils and oral diseases and reveals a significant knowledge gap in this area of research.

Worldwide Heterogeneity of Food Allergy: Focus on Peach Allergy in Southern Italy

“…Food allergies can manifest with various clinical symptoms, from mild to severe, up to anaphylaxis [ 137 ]. Skin and mucous membrane-related symptoms are common in food allergies and can include urticaria, eczema, itchy or tingling sensation in the mouth or the throat, and angioedema [ 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 ]. Food allergies can also affect the gastrointestinal tract, and the respiratory and cardiovascular systems leading, in severe cases, to a systemic reaction and finally to anaphylaxis [ 82 , 142 ].…”