Eosinophils from A to Z

Gigon, Lea; Fettrelet, Timothée; Yousefi, Shída; Simon, Dagmar; Simon, Hans‐Uwe

doi:10.1111/all.15751

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 400 publications

(862 reference statements)

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“…Activation, migration and prolonged life span of eosinophils contribute to the late‐phase allergic reaction and chronicity of inflammation, involving hypersensitivity type IVb mechanisms 59 . Thus reciprocal regulation of type I and type IVb‐related mechanisms is crucial in allergy development during the sensitization and chronic phase of allergic disease.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of the Most Important Allergic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) Opsonization of the drug‐target cell by C3b and iC3b complement fragments or antibodies and phagocytosis by Mφ and NEU. (4) Activation of eosinophils through FcγR, and release, for example, major basic protein (MBP) or reactive oxygen species (ROS) 59,67 …”

Section: Mechanisms Of the Most Important Allergic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IL‐13 stimulates eosinophilic exit from the bone marrow. Activated eosinophils release cytotoxic granules containing proteins like major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil‐derived neurotoxin and eosinophil peroxidase 59 . Eosinophils can undergo cytolysis, where granules are directly exposed to the extracellular environment, which allows them to exert pronounced direct effects on surrounding tissues 101 .…”

Section: Mechanisms Of the Most Important Allergic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nomenclature of allergic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions: Adapted to modern needs: An EAACI position paper

Jutel,

Agache,

Zemelka‐Wiacek

et al. 2023

Allergy

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The exponential growth of precision diagnostic tools, including omic technologies, molecular diagnostics, sophisticated genetic and epigenetic editing, imaging and nano‐technologies and patient access to extensive health care, has resulted in vast amounts of unbiased data enabling in‐depth disease characterization. New disease endotypes have been identified for various allergic diseases and triggered the gradual transition from a disease description focused on symptoms to identifying biomarkers and intricate pathogenetic and metabolic pathways. Consequently, the current disease taxonomy has to be revised for better categorization. This European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Position Paper responds to this challenge and provides a modern nomenclature for allergic diseases, which respects the earlier classifications back to the early 20th century. Hypersensitivity reactions originally described by Gell and Coombs have been extended into nine different types comprising antibody‐ (I‐III), cell‐mediated (IVa‐c), tissue‐driven mechanisms (V‐VI) and direct response to chemicals (VII). Types I‐III are linked to classical and newly described clinical conditions. Type IVa‐c are specified and detailed according to the current understanding of T1, T2 and T3 responses. Types V‐VI involve epithelial barrier defects and metabolic‐induced immune dysregulation, while direct cellular and inflammatory responses to chemicals are covered in type VII. It is notable that several combinations of mixed types may appear in the clinical setting. The clinical relevance of the current approach for allergy practice will be conferred in another article that will follow this year, aiming at showing the relevance in clinical practice where various endotypes can overlap and evolve over the lifetime.

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Section: Mechanisms Of the Most Important Allergic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms Of the Most Important Allergic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms Of the Most Important Allergic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nomenclature of allergic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions: Adapted to modern needs: An EAACI position paper

Jutel,

Agache,

Zemelka‐Wiacek

et al. 2023

Allergy

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“…There is a growing consensus that IL-5 plays an important role in reactive eosinophilia, whereas it appears to be less important for homeostatic eosinophils in tissues. A detailed and comprehensive overview of all migration and activation factors of eosinophils as well as their mediators and receptors can be found in a recent review [ 40 ].…”

Section: Origin and Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several eosinophil receptors are involved in adhesion to the endothelium (for example, L-selectin, Mac-1/CD11b/CD18, VLA-4/CD49d) and chemotaxis (for example, CCR3/CD193, C5aR/CD88, platelet activation receptor) [ 49 ]. In addition, several surface receptors are associated with eosinophil activation (for example, Fcγ RII/CD32A, Fcα R/CD89, CR3 - CD11b, glucan receptors) [ 40 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Eosinophil Activation and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eosinophil granulocytes in chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases and CRSwNP: Function, immunological basis, and clinical significance

Klimek,

Bergmann,

Hagemann

et al. 2024

ALS

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Introduction: Eosinophils play an important regulatory and immunomodulatory role in airway mucosa and have antiparasitic and antiviral properties as well as pro-inflammatory effects that may also cause persistence of inflammation with tissue remodeling. The number of eosinophils and the detection of specific mediators in biological samples from, e.g., blood, nasal secretions, and bronchial fluid can serve as biomarkers that reflect the underlying pathophysiology of certain diseases, predict treatment success, and detect therapy effects. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted to determine the immunologic basis, mode of action, clinical significance, and available evidence for therapeutic approaches using eosinophil-targeted monoclonal antibodies by searching Medline, Pubmed, and the national and international trial database (ClinicalTrials.gov) and guideline registries as well as the Cochrane Library. Human studies published on the topic in the period up to and including 10/2023 were considered. Results: Based on the international literature and previous experience, the results are summarized, and recommendations are given. Conclusion: The important role of eosinophils in immunological processes in the airway mucosa is comprehensively analyzed and can serve as a basis for current and future treatment approaches.

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Carnosine and Inflammation

Caruso,

Maugeri,

Privitera

et al. 2024

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Inflammation represents a complex biological response of the body to dangerous stimuli such as pathogens and involves different types of cells including immune cells (e.g., astrocytes and microglia), blood vessels, and molecular mediators. The main function of inflammation is to eradicate the causes responsible for cell injury, remove dead cells and damaged tissues, and allow the beginning of tissue repair. Carnosine is a dipeptide composed by β‐alanine and l ‐histidine possessing multiple functions that include anti‐aggregant, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory activities. Carnosine has also been shown to accelerate the wound‐healing process. Since numerous diseases are characterized by systemic and/or central inflammation such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and neurodegenerative disorders, this molecule could be of great interest. Key Concepts Carnosine is a naturally occurring molecule characterized by a multimodal mechanism of action. The inflammatory process can be either short‐lived (acute; hours or days) or long‐lasting (chronic; months or years). Numerous systemic and neurodegenerative diseases show common pathogenic mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation and aggregation phenomena such as diabetes and Alzheimer disease. The versatile pharmacodynamic profile of carnosine including its anti‐inflammatory potential suggests a promising therapeutic potential in different diseases. Inflammation represents a complex biological response of the body to dangerous stimuli and involves different cell types such as immune cells (eg., astrocytes and microglia), blood vessels, and molecular mediators.

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Eosinophils from A to Z

Cited by 17 publications

References 400 publications

Nomenclature of allergic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions: Adapted to modern needs: An EAACI position paper

Nomenclature of allergic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions: Adapted to modern needs: An EAACI position paper

Eosinophil granulocytes in chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases and CRSwNP: Function, immunological basis, and clinical significance

Carnosine and Inflammation

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