Eosinophils are key regulators of perivascular adipose tissue and vascular functionality

Withers, Sarah; Forman, Ruth; Meza-Pérez, Selene; Sorobetea, Daniel; Sitnik, Katarzyna; Hopwood, Thomas; Lawrence, Catherine B.; Agace, William W.; Else, Kathryn J.; Heagerty, Anthony M.; Svensson‐Frej, Marcus; Cruickshank, Sheena M.

doi:10.1038/srep44571

Cited by 78 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Work by Withers et al. provided evidence that eosinophils can induce the anti-contractile effect of perivascular AT (PVAT) on surrounding vasculature via catecholamines [103]. They showed that vessels with PVAT from ΔdblGATA mice lacking eosinophils were more constricted upon stimulation than vessels with normal PVAT.…”

Section: Macrophages In Wat Type 2 Inflammation: Caveats and Controvementioning

confidence: 98%

Contributions of innate type 2 inflammation to adipose function

Bolus

Hasty

2019

Journal of Lipid Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A critical contributor to health consequences of the obesity epidemic is dysregulated adipose tissue (AT) homeostasis. While white, brown, and beige AT function are all altered in obesity-related disease, white AT is marked by progressive inflammation & adipocyte dysfunction and has been the focus of extensive "immunometabolism" research in the past decade. The exact triggering events initiating and sustaining AT inflammation are still under study, but it has been shown that reducing inflammation improves insulin action in AT. Scientific efforts continue seeking interventions to mitigate obesity-associated AT inflammation, and many groups are now determining how lean healthy AT homeostasis is maintained in order to leverage these mechanisms as therapeutic targets. Such studies have revealed an elaborate network of immune cells, cytokines, and other cellular mediators coordinate AT function. Recent studies elucidated the involvement of the innate immune system in AT homeostasis (e.g. beiging and insulin sensitivity), including M2-like macrophages, eosinophils, innate lymphoid type 2 cells, and several others. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on innate type 2 inflammation in AT; additionally we draw attention to areas of debate where seemingly conflicting data promises to yield more surprising and elegant biology as studies continue to dissect AT physiology. prospective analyses of nearly a million adults, showed that obesity can decrease a person's life span up to 10 years [7]. Thus, a better understanding of adipose tissue (AT), the organ that expands the most in size during obesity, should provide solutions to this health concern.When discussing AT, white adipose tissue (WAT) is most commonly considered; however, other types of AT, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige AT also exist.Adipocytes in WAT and BAT are generated from unique progenitors. WAT stores excess energy in the form of triglycerides. BAT can store small amounts of triglycerides; however, its primary role is to burn fatty acids to generate heat. Beige fat has brown-like properties but is transiently present in WAT depots (especially subcutaneous) upon beta-adrenergic stimulation. Regulation of all three of these fat depots is critically important for lipid and energy homeostasis.WAT consists of spatially distinct beds: visceral, omental, subcutaneous, perivascular, epicardial, and many others. These depots serve to cushion organs they BAT is localized primarily in subscapular regions in rodents, and was only discovered in adult humans in the past decade [10,11]. BAT has a characteristic brown appearance grossly, and is easily distinguished from WAT. This distinctive color is due to the presence of concentrated mitochondria within each brown adipocyte, accompanied by high iron concentrations required for activation of the electron transport chain during beta-oxidation. High expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) causes this beta-oxidation to result in generation of heat rather than ATP (thermogenesis), thus assistin...

show abstract

Section: Macrophages In Wat Type 2 Inflammation: Caveats and Controvementioning

confidence: 98%

Contributions of innate type 2 inflammation to adipose function

Bolus

Hasty

2019

Journal of Lipid Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In response to systemic IL-33 administration, ILC2-derived IL-5 and the associated eosinophil recruitment have both been shown to promote increased pulmonary artery hypertrophy, which is a previously unrecognized role for eosinophils 142 . Moreover, eosinophils have roles in regulating perivascular adipose tissue and vascular functionality through the production of adiponectin and nitric oxide 143 . This last finding is a reminder that eosinophils are sources not only of conventional cytokines but also of a diversity of other mediators that contribute to their roles in homeostasis and immunity.…”

Section: Eosinophils In Other Host Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functions of tissue-resident eosinophils

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eosinophils are a prominent cell type in particular host responses such as the response to helminth infection and allergic disease. Their effector functions have been attributed to their capacity to release cationic proteins stored in cytoplasmic granules by degranulation. However, eosinophils are now being recognized for more varied functions in previously underappreciated diverse tissue sites, based on the ability of eosinophils to release cytokines (often preformed) that mediate a broad range of activities into the local environment. In this Review, we consider evolving insights into the tissue distribution of eosinophils and their functional immunobiology, which enable eosinophils to secrete in a selective manner cytokines and other mediators that have diverse, ‘non-effector’ functions in health and disease.

show abstract

“…Human eosinophils are an abundant source of 15‐lypoxygenase . Very recently, Withers et al . identified eosinophils as a novel source of tissue adiponectin.…”

Section: What Do Eosinophils Contribute Back To Their Tissue Environmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human eosinophils are an abundant source of 15-lypoxygenase. 129 Very recently, Withers et al 130 (4) Location within tissue: In allergic murine models, eosinophils frequently exhibit bimodal and compartment-specific phenotypes. 135 We previously demonstrated that upon their transition to the airway, eosinophils upregulate levels of Siglec-F and CD11c, which is not typical of interstitial eosinophils.…”

Section: Tgf-and Eosinophils Dramatically Inducementioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping eosinophil identity in the tissue contexts of development, homeostasis, and disease

Abdala‐Valencia

Coden

Chiarella

et al. 2018

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

108

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eosinophils play homeostatic roles in different tissues and are found in several organs at a homeostatic baseline, though their tissue numbers increase significantly in development and disease. The morphological, phenotypical, and functional plasticity of recruited eosinophils are influenced by the dynamic tissue microenvironment changes between homeostatic, morphogenetic, and disease states. Activity of the epithelial-mesenchymal interface, extracellular matrix, hormonal inputs, metabolic state of the environment, as well as epithelial and mesenchymal-derived innate cytokines and growth factors all have the potential to regulate the attraction, retention, in situ hematopoiesis, phenotype, and function of eosinophils. This review examines the reciprocal relationship between eosinophils and such tissue factors, specifically addressing: (1) tissue microenvironments associated with the presence and activity of eosinophils; (2) non-immune tissue ligands regulatory for eosinophil accumulation, hematopoiesis, phenotype, and function (with an emphasis on the extracellular matrix and epithelial-mesenchymal interface); (3) the contribution of eosinophils to regulating tissue biology; (4) eosinophil phenotypic heterogeneity in different tissue microenvironments, classifying eosinophils as progenitors, steady state eosinophils, and Type 1 and 2 activated phenotypes. An appreciation of eosinophil regulation by non-immune tissue factors is necessary for completing the picture of eosinophil immune activation and understanding the functional contribution of these cells to development, homeostasis, and disease.

show abstract

Eosinophils are key regulators of perivascular adipose tissue and vascular functionality

Cited by 78 publications

References 33 publications

Contributions of innate type 2 inflammation to adipose function

Contributions of innate type 2 inflammation to adipose function

Functions of tissue-resident eosinophils

Shaping eosinophil identity in the tissue contexts of development, homeostasis, and disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About