Eosinophilic Asthma: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Horizons

Hussain, Musaddique; Liu, Gang

doi:10.3390/cells13050384

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 197 publications

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“… 16 With recurrent attacks of asthma, airway remodeling takes place. 17 The aforementioned pathological signs cannot meet the needs of clinical diagnosis of asthma, and researchers tend to apply molecular diagnosis to accurately classify asthma into clinical syndromes.…”

Section: Pathology Of Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Mechanism and Application of Acupuncture Therapy for Asthma: A Review

Wang,

Jin

2024

JAA

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Asthma is a high-risk disease based on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). In this review, we found that there are many studies on clinical therapy for asthma that focus on the efficacy of acupuncture therapy and its mechanisms, including the functional connectivity of different brain regions, with the aid of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), immune responses/cell recognition (innate lymphoid cells and balance of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17), intracellular mechanism (autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and epigenetic alteration), and ligand-receptor/chemical signaling pathway (neurotransmitter, hormone, and small molecules). In this review, we summarized the clinical and experimental evidence for the mechanisms of acupuncture therapy in asthma to offer insights into drug discovery and clinical therapy. Given the paucity of clinical studies on the mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of asthma, this review notably included studies based on animal models to investigate the mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of asthma.

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Section: Pathology Of Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Mechanism and Application of Acupuncture Therapy for Asthma: A Review

Wang,

Jin

2024

JAA

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“…Eosinophilic asthma is an asthma phenotype characterized by eosinophilic airway inflammation [1]. This phenotype is predominant in approximately half of asthma patients [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Remission Criteria and Serum Levels of Type 2 Inflammation Mediators during 24 Weeks of Treatment with the Anti-IL-5 Drug Mepolizumab in Patients with T2-High Severe Asthma

Palacionyte,

Januskevicius,

Vasyle

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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Anti-interleukin (IL) 5 is an effective treatment modality for inhibiting eosinophilic inflammation in patients with T2-high severe asthma. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy and serum levels of type 2 inflammatory mediators during 24 weeks of mepolizumab treatment in patients with T2-high severe asthma. Eighteen patients with T2-high severe asthma were enrolled in this study. All patients received 100 mg of mepolizumab subcutaneously every 4 weeks and were retested at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. A clinical examination, asthma control test (ACT), and spirometry were performed; fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels were evaluated; and blood samples were drawn at every visit. Type 2 inflammation mediator levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The blood eosinophil level significantly decreased, the ACT score and FEV1 increased after 4 weeks of mepolizumab treatment with the same tendency after 12 and 24 weeks (p < 0.05), and the FeNO level did not change (p > 0.05). A total of 27.8% of patients reached clinical remission criteria after 24 weeks of mepolizumab treatment. IL-33 and eotaxin significantly increased (p < 0.05) while IL-5, IL-13, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), soluble IL-5 receptor subunit alpha (sIL-5Rα), and soluble high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor (sFcεRI) decreased, with the same tendency after 12 and 24 weeks (p < 0.05). The serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IL-4 and IL-25 levels did not change during mepolizumab treatment compared to baseline (p > 0.05). In conclusion, treatment with mepolizumab over 24 weeks improved lung function and asthma control in T2-high severe asthma patients, with nearly one-third achieving clinical remission criteria, and affected the balance of type 2 inflammatory mediators.

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Cynaropicrin attenuates inflammatory cytokines in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells and ovalbumin‐induced asthmatic mice

Chen,

Liu

2024

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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This study examines the anti‐inflammatory activity of cynaropicrin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro and ovalbumin (OVA)‐challenged asthma in mice. Cynaropicrin's antimicrobial effects were tested on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) using the disc diffusion technique. Cytotoxicity was assessed with an (3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazolyl‐2)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The anti‐inflammatory property was evaluated in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells, while OVA‐challenged asthmatic mice were treated with 10 mg/kg of cynaropicrin. Key inflammatory and antioxidant markers were quantified, and lung histology was examined to confirm therapeutic roles. The antimicrobial studies proved that cynaropicrin effectively inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. pyogenes. Cynaropicrin displayed no cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, it significantly inhibited inflammatory cytokine synthesis upon LPS induction. Cynaropicrin treatment decreased the inflammatory cell counts and also suppressed specific allergic markers in OVA‐challenged mice. It also decreased nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase levels and reduced pulmonary edema. Cynaropicrin increased antioxidant levels and decreased proinflammatory cytokines in the asthmatic mice. Lung histological examination confirms the ameliorative potency of cynaropicrin against OVA‐induced asthmatic pulmonary inflammation in mice. Our findings suggest cynaropicrin possesses significant ameliorative potency against allergen‐induced pulmonary inflammation.

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Eosinophilic Asthma: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Horizons

Cited by 8 publications

References 197 publications

Research on the Mechanism and Application of Acupuncture Therapy for Asthma: A Review

Research on the Mechanism and Application of Acupuncture Therapy for Asthma: A Review

Clinical Remission Criteria and Serum Levels of Type 2 Inflammation Mediators during 24 Weeks of Treatment with the Anti-IL-5 Drug Mepolizumab in Patients with T2-High Severe Asthma

Cynaropicrin attenuates inflammatory cytokines in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells and ovalbumin‐induced asthmatic mice

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