Eosinophilia complicated with venous thromboembolism: A case report

Abstract

BACKGROUND Eosinophilia is an increase of more than 0.5 × 10 9 /L in the number of eosinophils; it is a systemic condition with an unknown etiology and is often accompanied by multiple impaired organ functions. The clinical manifestations of the disease are highly variable and diverse, rendering identification of the diagnosis challenging; hence, diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. Very few reports of this disease exist globally, especially with rare manifestations of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and hemorrhage. CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old woman with eosinophilia presented to the hospital with bilateral lower-limb edema as the first clinical manifestation, followed by an extensive maculopapular rash throughout the body. She subsequently developed cerebral venous sinus thrombosis along with bilateral lower-limb deep vein thrombosis. Two weeks earlier, she had received a single course of antibiotics from a local hospital for a low-grade fever and sore throat. After various treatments were administered for anticoagulation, maintaining blood circulation, and relieving blood stasis, the lower extremity edema improved significantly; however, the patient’s eosinophil count gradually increased. She experienced cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, and deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs before being declared brain dead. In this case report, we have elaborated the diagnosis and management of deep vein thrombosis manifested as eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated D-dimer levels. CONCLUSION Because proper diagnosis is challenging, clinical vigilance is required for patients with eosinophilia, as it can lead to thrombus formation.

Causal association between circulating blood cell traits and pulmonary embolism: a mendelian randomization study

“…In addition, some studies have examined the association between PE and other peripheral blood cells. By degranulating and releasing cytotoxic cations while activating the endogenous coagulation pathway, eosinophils can damage the vascular endothelium, and can also activate the exogenous coagulation pathway by activating tissue factors, platelet activating factors, and other factors, resulting in thrombosis [ 37 – 39 ]. Basophils can adhere to endothelial cells and may mediate endothelial injury that results in thrombosis [ 40 ].…”

Case report: Lymphocytic-plasmacytic and eosinophilic enterocolitis presented with marked eosinophilia and basophilia in a cat

“…When the patient revisited with eosinophilia and basophilia, clinical signs consistent with coagulation abnormalities or significant findings on physical examination and blood analysis were not identified to indicate coagulation analysis. However, if eosinophilia is consistently identified in cats in the future, it might be worthwhile to conduct routine coagulation tests as clinical vigilance for possible venous thromboembolism ( 17 ).…”