EOR on site implementation

Vishnyakov, Vladimir; Suleimanov, B. A.; Salmanov, Ahmad; Zeynalov, Eldar

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817632-0.00016-5

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“… TRL 1 – basic principles observed and reported; TRL 2 – technology concept and/or application formulated; TRL 3 – analytical and experimental critical function and/or characteristic proof‐of‐concept; TRL 4 – technology basic validation in a laboratory environment; TRL 5 – technology basic validation in a relevant environment; TRL 6 – technology model or prototype demonstration in a relevant environment; TRL 7 – technology prototype demonstration in an operational environment; TRL 8 – actual technology completed and qualified through test and demonstration; TRL 9 – actual technology qualified through successful mission operations.In this approach, the maturity of technology is also classified as ‘Research’, ‘Development’ and ‘Deployment’. Levels 1–3 represent the ‘Research’ stage (basic principles, concept and application formulation, concept validation), levels 4–6 represent ‘Development’ (experimental pilot, demonstration pilot, industrial pilot) and levels 7–9 represent ‘Deployment’ (first implementation, few records of implementation, extensive implementation) 122 . The TRL of each product obtained from the apple biorefinery is presented in Table 7.…”

Section: A Framework Approach For the Creation Of Technology Readines...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Levels 1-3 represent the 'Research' stage (basic principles, concept and application formulation, concept validation), levels 4-6 represent 'Development' (experimental pilot, demonstration pilot, industrial pilot) and levels 7-9 represent 'Deployment' (first implementation, few records of implementation, extensive implementation). 122 The TRL of each product obtained from the apple biorefinery is presented in Table 7. In general, some value-added chemicals (i.e.…”

Section: Table 6 (Continued)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable valorization of apple waste in a biorefinery: a bibliometric analysis

Oliveira

Ampese

Sforça

et al. 2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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This bibliometric study explored the scientific publications of apple waste over the period from 2000 to 2020, aiming to contribute to the sustainable development of the apple industry toward waste-biorefinery implementation, advocating a circular economy. The bibliometric study covered the publications' evolution, research areas, top-cited papers, international collaborative networks, top countries and journals. The results demonstrate that 628 documents (604 articles and 24 reviews) studied apple waste over the last 20 years, and the number of publications exponentially increased after 2010. The most used keywords revealed that the main studied topics in the field were associated with technologies to manage apple pomace, the main solid waste generated from juice production, demonstrating a research trend toward renewable energy and bio-based products. The bibliometric study indicated that the most productive countries are China, India and the USA. Apple waste could be an environmentally friendly feedstock for biorefinery design and implementation. The biorefinery could produce value-added products (polyphenols, pectin, sugars and essential oils) and bioenergy (ethanol, methane, electricity and heat) in different industrial arrangements. The main technological routes described in the literature have been associated with the production of lactic acid, xylitol, ethanol, bioactive compounds, xyloglucan, films, pectin, acetic acid, acetone-butanol-ethanol, emulsifiers and inulinase enzyme. In conclusion, this review contributes to the decision-making for the industrial implementation of a waste biorefinery, advocating circular economy transition based on the sustainable valorization of apple waste.

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