EOR Evaluation for Baram Delta Operations Fields, Malaysia

Abstract

The Baram Delta Operations (BDO), located offshore Sarawak Malaysia, consists of 9 fields with an estimated STOIIP of about 4 BSTB. 6 of the major fields in BDO have been on production for more than 30 years. Average recovery factor to date is about 30%. EOR has been planned as an effort to boost the production as well as prolong the life of the field. A preliminary EOR screening study shows that water-alternating-gas (WAG) is the most amenable EOR process for BDO. A PETRONAS and Shell joint study team was tasked to further extend the screening study conducted in 2005 by developing an EOR Big Picture for BDO. The objective of the study was to quantify the EOR potential in BDO and to develop a holistic areal implementation plan to mature the EOR potential. Scenarios evaluated involved a combination of three gas processes; immiscible hydrocarbon (HC) WAG as well as immiscible and miscible carbon dioxide (CO2) WAG. All reservoirs in BDO were first screened and ranked. Eligible reservoirs were then characterized into a few groups according to fluid, rock type as well as aquifer and gas cap size. Optimized EOR performance was evaluated using full field models as well as smaller scale, detailed prototype models of a few selected reservoirs. The prototype models were developed using field analogue data which were representative of a particular reservoir group. The performance prediction of the remaining reservoirs not modeled was STOIIP scaling of representative dimensionless curves. The HC WAG reservoirs were all immiscible while the potential CO2 WAG was a combination of miscible and immiscible cases. The subsurface EOR evaluation also included an estimation of infill and water flood potential, associated well count, well cost as well as the net gas import required and the total gas handling required. This paper presents the details of the systematic approach used to assess the subsurface EOR potential in the BDO fields.

Tidal dynamics and mangrove carbon sequestration during the Oligo–Miocene in the South China Sea

“…3a —basin 8), sediment thickness 37 ( Fig. 3b ), TOC values of source rocks 38 and hydrocarbon volumes in place 23 39 . Second, we compare the sediment volume in the BDP to the total sediment volume in peripheral Borneo 37 ( Fig.…”

“…23 ). Mangrove OC in coastal–deltaic, shallow-marine and deep-marine sedimentary rocks 23 38 is the dominant source material for substantial volumes of hydrocarbons in the BDP (Brunei 23 and Sarawak 39 ); an estimated 7 billion barrels of oil and 19 trillion cubic feet of gas initially in place (before production) ( Supplementary Table 2 ) suggests a minimum OC burial (as trapped oil and gas; Method 1) of c. 1.9 Gt in the BDP since 15 Ma, equivalent to 0.1 p.p.m. atmospheric equivalent CO 2 per Myr ( Table 1 ).…”

“…Estimates of the total amount and rate of OC burial, and equivalent concentration of CO 2 , in the BDP since the Middle Miocene (c. 15 Ma), are derived by two methods: Method 1—using estimates of total in-place petroleum resources in hydrocarbon fields in Brunei 23 and Sarawak, Malaysia 39 ( Supplementary Table 2 ); and Method 2—by estimating the sediment volume deposited since c. 15 Ma, using the area of the BDP defined in ref. 23 and sediment thickness map in ref.…”

Delineation of reservoir lateral continuity for flow zones in wells using cluster analysis: Case of West Baram Delta, offshore-Sarawak

“…1 (Rahman et al, 2014;Hutchison, 2005). The delta is currently having an average production rate of 30% Bakar (Abu Bakar et al, 2011;Ben-Awuah et al, 2016) in more than 160 exploratory wells. However, increase in emphasis to maximize oil recovery from existing fields (Henares et al, 2014) has prompted renewed interest to review the temporal and spatial distribution of porosity and permeability properties across selected production wells in the area.…”