Enzymes of<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>capable of breaking down hydrogen peroxide

Gil-ad, Nir L.; Bar-Nun, Nurit; Noy, Tal; Mayer, Alfred M.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09273.x

Cited by 40 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Previous studies have reported that ambient pH could regulate expression of secreted proteins in B . cinerea , and proteases, peroxidases and laccases have high activity at pH between 3.0 and 4.5 [ 19 , 48 , 49 ]. Therefore, we were interested in evaluating the ability of acid production for each mutant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The MAPK kinase BcMkk1 suppresses oxalic acid biosynthesis via impeding phosphorylation of BcRim15 by BcSch9 in Botrytis cinerea

Yin

Chui

et al. 2018

PLoS Pathog

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The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cassette of the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway is primarily responsible for orchestrating changes of cell wall. However, functions of this cassette in other cellular processes are not well understood. Here, we found that the Botrytis cinerea mutant of MAPK kinase (BcMkk1) displays more serious defects in mycelial growth, conidiation, responses to cell wall and oxidative stresses, but possesses less reduced virulence than the mutants of its upstream (BcBck1) and downstream (BcBmp3) kinases. Interestingly, BcMkk1, but not BcBck1 and BcBmp3, negatively regulates production of oxalic acid (OA) and activity of extracellular hydrolases (EHs) that are proposed to be virulence factors of B. cinerea. Moreover, we obtained evidence that BcMkk1 negatively controls OA production via impeding phosphorylation of the Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) kinase BcRim15 by the Ser/Thr kinase BcSch9. In addition, the fungal Pro40 homolog BcPro40 was found to interact simultaneously with three MAPKs, implying that BcPro40 is a scaffold protein of the CWI pathway in B. cinerea. Taken together, results of this study reveal that BcMkk1 negatively modulates virulence via suppressing OA biosynthesis in B. cinerea, which provides novel insight into conserved and species-specific functions of the MAPK kinase in fungi.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enzymes secreted by B . cinerea that are active in an acidic environment include proteinases [ 19 , 46 ], peroxidases [ 48 ] and laccases [ 19 , 49 ]. OA secretion and host tissue acidification that promote hydrolase activity have been suggested to contribute to virulence of B .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The MAPK kinase BcMkk1 suppresses oxalic acid biosynthesis via impeding phosphorylation of BcRim15 by BcSch9 in Botrytis cinerea

Yin

Chui

et al. 2018

PLoS Pathog

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“…To thrive within the oxidative environment of necrotic tissues, pathogenic fungi have evolved multiple defense systems, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic [9], [10]. The necrotroph B. cinerea has been reported to have an array of enzymes including catalase and superoxide dismutase that protect it against an environment rich in ROS [9], [11]. Targeted gene replacement of Magnaporthe oryzae catalase CATB gene led to compromised pathogen fitness and reduced pathogenicity [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Necrotrophic Fungus Ascochyta rabiei during Oxidative Stress: Insight for Fungal Survival in the Host Plant

et al. 2012

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Localized cell death, known as the hypersensitive response (HR), is an important defense mechanism for neutralizing phytopathogens. The hallmark of the HR is an oxidative burst produced by the host plant. We aimed to identify genes of the necrotrophic chickpea blight fungus Ascochyta rabiei that are involved in counteracting oxidative stress. A subtractive cDNA library was constructed after menadione treatment, which resulted in the isolation of 128 unigenes. A reverse northern blot was used to compare transcript profiles after H 2 O 2 , menadione and sodium nitroprusside treatments. A total of 70 unigenes were found to be upregulated by more than two-fold following menadione treatment at different time intervals. A large number of genes not previously associated with oxidative stress were identified, along with many stress-responsive genes. Differential expression patterns of several genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and northern blotting. In planta qRT-PCR of several selected genes also showed differential expression patterns during infection and disease progression. These data shed light on the molecular responses of the phytopathogen A. rabiei to overcome oxidative and nitrosative stresses and advance the understanding of necrotrophic fungal pathogen survival mechanisms.

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“…There are many reports that fungal pathogens produce ROS and antioxidant proteins such as superoxide dismutase and catalase (Witteveen et al, 1992; Gil-ad and Mayer, 1999; Gil-ad et al, 2000; Bussink and Oliver, 2001; Mayer et al, 2001; Egan et al, 2007). Therefore, pycnospores of M. pinodes can likely eliminate ROS during hyphal development or suppress host defense reactions in the susceptible interaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural and Cytological Studies on Mycosphaerella pinodes Infection of the Model Legume Medicago truncatula

et al. 2017

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Ascochyta (Mycosphaerella) blight on cultivated peas is primarily caused by infection through asexual spores (pycnospores) of Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. et Blox.) Vestergren [recently renamed Peyronellaea pinodes (Berk. & A. Bloxam) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley]. Using a model pathosystem involving Medicago truncatula and Mycosphaerella pinodes strain OMP-1, we examined the histology and ultrastructure of early infection events and fungal development including penetration by appressoria, vegetative growth of infection hyphae, and host responses. On the susceptible ecotype R108-1, pycnospores germinated and grew over the surface of the epidermis, then formed an appressoria and penetrated the cuticle. Beneath the cuticle, the infection peg expanded into a hyphae that grew within the outer wall of the epidermis. Subsequently, the hyphae penetrated down within mesophyll cells and proliferated vigorously, eventually, forming asexual fruiting bodies (pycnidia). In contrast, successful penetration and subsequent growth of infection hyphae were considerably restricted in the ecotype Caliph. Detected by its reaction with cerium chloride (CeCl3) to generate electron-dense cerium perhydroxides in transmission electron micrographs, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulated in epidermal and mesophyll cells of Caliph challenged with pycnospores of M. pinodes. This intracellular localization was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Our observations thus indicate that the oxidative burst reaction leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species is associated with a local host defense response in Caliph, since no clear H2O2 accumulation was detectable in susceptible R108-1. Indeed, aberrant hyphae such as intrahyphal hyphae and dead hyphae, probably due to a local defense elicited by the fungus, were abundant in Caliph but not in R108-1. Our results on the cellular interactions between the fungus and host cells provide additional insights to understand foliar infection by M. pinodes on cultivated peas.

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Enzymes ofBotrytis cinereacapable of breaking down hydrogen peroxide

Cited by 40 publications

References 20 publications

The MAPK kinase BcMkk1 suppresses oxalic acid biosynthesis via impeding phosphorylation of BcRim15 by BcSch9 in Botrytis cinerea

The MAPK kinase BcMkk1 suppresses oxalic acid biosynthesis via impeding phosphorylation of BcRim15 by BcSch9 in Botrytis cinerea

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Necrotrophic Fungus Ascochyta rabiei during Oxidative Stress: Insight for Fungal Survival in the Host Plant

Ultrastructural and Cytological Studies on Mycosphaerella pinodes Infection of the Model Legume Medicago truncatula

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