Enzymes in ruminant diets.

McAllister, T. A.; Hristov, A.N.; Beauchemin, K. A.; Rode, L. M.; Cheng, K. J.; Bedford, M.R.; Partridge, G. G.

doi:10.1079/9780851993935.0273

Cited by 70 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 64 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Cherney et al, 1991;Sewalt et al, 1997;Turner et al, 2001), lignolytic fungi (e.g. Akin et al, 1995;Mayer and Staples, 2002;Sun and Cheng, 2002) and exogenous enzymes (McAllister et al, 2001;Beauchemin et al, 2004;Gonzá lez-García et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Feeding and Nutrition Of Ruminants In The New Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of ruminant agriculture in the new context: feeding strategies and features of animal adaptability into the necessary holistic approach

Bocquier

García

2010

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are numerous recent studies highlighting sustainability problems for the development of ruminant production systems (RPS) while facing increasing human food necessities and global climate change. Despite the complexity of the context, in our view the main objectives of the ruminants' physiologist should be convergent for both industrialized (IC) and developing countries (DC) in a common and global strategy of advancing knowledge. In DC, this means improving the efficiency of RPS, taking into account the unique possibility of using rangelands. For IC settings, RPS should be revisited in terms of autonomy and environment-friendly feeding and managing practices. Assuming that competition for feed/food use is still a crucial criterion, future ruminant feeding systems (FeSyst) should preferably focus on lignocellulosic sources. According to biome distributions, and the recent increases in volumes of crop residues and their by-products, the annually renewed volumes of these biomasses are considerable. Therefore, we need to redesign our strategies for their efficient utilization at the local level. For this purpose, digestion processes and rumen functioning need to be better understood. The renewed vision of ruminal digestion through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is also a key aspect as it is an environmental demand that cannot be ignored. With regard to other ruminants' physiological functions, accumulated knowledge could be mobilized into an integrative approach that puts forward the adaptive capacities of animals to face variability in quantity and quality of supplied feeds. Basically, the reduction of inputs that were traditionally used to ensure FeSyst will need more flexible animals. In that sense, the concepts of homeostasis and teleophorhesis need to be updated and adapted to domestic species and breeds that were until now largely excluded from the dominant productive systems. In conclusion, a more holistic approach of research targets is required in which physiological functions and farmers' practices must converge and respond to each particular situation in an integral, dynamic and flexible conceptual perspective. From a scientific point of view, both for ICs and DCs, a broader range of experimental scenarios should be explored in order to arrive at innovative practices and solutions that respect environmental, ethical and economical issues. The clear challenge is to in evaluate the sustainability of RPSs. This includes, in our opinion, a strong interaction with other disciplines (multi-and trans-disciplinary conception), thus structuring new relevant indicators for the evaluation sustainability.

show abstract

Section: Feeding and Nutrition Of Ruminants In The New Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of ruminant agriculture in the new context: feeding strategies and features of animal adaptability into the necessary holistic approach

Bocquier

García

2010

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These microbes, through their enzymes [50], play roles in digestive processes. Complete digestion of complex feeds such as hay or grain literally requires hundreds of enzymes [42]. In microbial terms, the enzyme activity is not particularly high; it is the high microbial biomass and long residence time of feed material in the digesta that causes the high extent of breakdown of susceptible material [46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between microbial enzyme activities in the rumen fluid of sheep under different treatments

Moharrery

Das

2001

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Five total mixed rations prepared from finger millet (Eleusine Coracana) straw as a roughage (48%) and mixed concentrate (52%), supplemented with a 1% isoacid mixture (i-C 4 , i-C 5 , C 5 and phenylacetic acid in equal proportions) or oil (groundnut oil, 5% more than the control) or urea (5% more nitrogen than the control), and protein (groundnut cake, 5% more nitrogen than the control) were given in a Latin square experiment to sheep. Enzymatic activities were estimated for urease, cellulase, protease, amylase, and lipase in various fractions of rumen fluid on the one hand and rumen microbial biomass on the other hand. Rumen samples were taken 3-4 hours after feeding and mixed rumen bacteria were separated as a strained rumen fluid without protozoa (SRFWP), cell free rumen fluid (CFRF) and enzymes associated with the bacteria cell (EABC). Samples of SRFWP and EABC contained higher enzyme activities than CFRF. Depending on the type of enzymes in each fraction, some significant coefficient of determination (r 2 ) was seen. These values showed very close cooperative action between proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes under the experimental conditions, or perhaps the presence of some species of bacteria with both activities. Lipolytic bacteria are completely specialized for lipase production only (P < 0.05). The results showed oil, isoacid and crude protein enhanced microbial production (P < 0.05) and this can change the pattern of enzymes in the rumen of sheep.isoacid / urease / cellulase / protease / amylase / lipase / sheep / rumen Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 41 (2001) 513-529 513

show abstract

“…A justification could be a possible action of the enzymes in the post-ruminal digestion (Hristov et al, 2000;McAllister, Hristov, Beauchemin, Rode, & Cheng, 2011). According to these authors, exogenous enzymes can remain active in the lower digestive tract, contributing to the post-ruminal digestion of the feed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Xylanase - complex efficacy in high-energy diet for bulls finished in feedlot

Neumann

Leão

Vigne

et al. 2017

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Enzymes can be an interesting additive in high energy diets for feedlot cattle. However, literature is inconsistent on this subject. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate animal performance of feedlot bulls receiving high energy diet, composed of a mixture of 85% whole corn grain and 15% proteinmineral-vitamin nucleus, without or with xylanase included in the diets. Diets consisted of: CON -diet without enzymes (Control) and ENZ -diet with enzymes (5 g animal day -1). Thirty-two bulls were used, with an average age of 11 ± 2 months, average initial weight of 365 ± 5 kg, and finished for 119 days in feedlot. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of two treatments and eight replications, where each replication was represented by a stall with two animals. ENZ increased the weight gain (1.69 vs. 1.33 kg day -1) and improved the feed conversion (4.60 vs. 6.03 kg -1 ) in the adaptation period of the animals. Animals receiving ENZ increased 1.65% of carcass yield and were 7.57% more efficient in the conversion of dry matter consumed into carcass gain in relation to CON. Carcass traits of feedlot-finished bulls were not altered by inclusion of enzymes. Xylanase-complex could increase efficiency in feedlot bulls.Keywords: beef cattle, feed additive, ruminant nutrition.Eficiência do complexo xilanase em dietas de alta energia para touros terminados em confinamento RESUMO. As enzimas podem ser aditivos interessantes em dietas de alta energia para gado em confinamento. No entanto, a literatura é inconsistente para este assunto. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar o desempenho de touros em confinamento com dietas de alta densidade energética, composto apenas de uma mistura de 85% de grãos de milho inteiros e 15% de núcleo proteico-vitamínico-mineral, com ou sem inclusão de enzimas à base de xilanase. Os tratamentos foram CON -dieta sem enzimas (controle) e ENZ -dieta com enzimas (5 g animal dia -1 ). Foram utilizados 32 touros, com idade média de 11 ± 2, peso inicial médio de 365 kg ± 5 e terminados por 119 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, consistindo em dois tratamentos e oito repetições, em que cada repetição foi representada por uma baia com dois animais. ENZ aumentou o ganho de peso (1,69 vs. 1,33 kg dia -1 ) e melhorou a conversão alimentar (4,60 vs. 6,03 kg -1 ) na fase de adaptação dos animais em confinamento. Os animais que receberam ENZ aumentaram 1,65% do rendimento de carcaça e foram 7,57% mais eficientes na transformação da matéria seca consumida no ganho de carcaça em relação ao CON. As características de carcaça de touros terminados em confinamento não foram alteradas em função da inclusão de enzimas. O complexo de xilanase pode aumentar eficiência de touros de confinamento.Palavras-chave: bovinos de corte, aditivo alimentar, nutrição de ruminantes.

show abstract

Enzymes in ruminant diets.

Cited by 70 publications

References 64 publications

Sustainability of ruminant agriculture in the new context: feeding strategies and features of animal adaptability into the necessary holistic approach

Sustainability of ruminant agriculture in the new context: feeding strategies and features of animal adaptability into the necessary holistic approach

Correlation between microbial enzyme activities in the rumen fluid of sheep under different treatments

<b>Xylanase - complex efficacy in high-energy diet for bulls finished in feedlot

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About