Enzymes in brain phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid accretion: A PL-ethora of potential PL-ayers

The association between linoleic acid levels in colostrum and child cognition at 2 and 3 y in the EDEN cohort

“…It has been suggested that a high n-6 PUFA intake, especially LA, may decrease the biosynthesis of n-3 LCPUFA (26), diminishing the endogenous DHA supply necessary for organs development. A second hypothesis based on an animal model is that the excess of dietary and then circulating LA could decrease the uptake of DHA from circulation by the brain, and thus accretion/sequestration rate of DHA into the brain (27,28). Thirdly, n-6 PUFA, and mainly AA, are known to be the precursors of proinflammatory eicosanoids (29).…”

Acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase 4 (AGPAT4) is a mitochondrial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase that regulates brain phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol levels

“…Our findings identify AGPAT4 as the second known AGPAT/LPAAT to preferentially localize to the mitochondria. Prior to this work, only AGPAT5 has been shown to have predominant mitochondrial localization [21], with most other AGPAT homologs localizing preferentially to the endoplasmic reticulum [5].…”

“…This enzyme catalyzes the formation of phosphatidic acid (PA) through the fatty acyl-CoA-dependent esterification of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in the synthesis of PA in the second committed step of the de novo Kennedy pathway for phospholipid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis [4], as reviewed in Kitson et al [5]. Thus far, at least eleven AGPAT family members have been identified in mice and humans [5]. However, subsequent functional characterization of these enzymes has led to some reclassifications.…”

Müller glia cells regulate Notch signaling and retinal angiogenesis via the generation of 19,20-dihydroxydocosapentaenoic acid

“…How can fatty acid diols exert biological effects that could lead to the inhibition of the -secretase? A cell surface receptor may not be essential, as polyunsaturated fatty acids can incorporate into membrane phospholipids and potentially influence cell signaling and biological responses by modulating the lipid microenvironment therein (Kitson et al, 2012). Certainly, the fish oils EPA and DHA are readily incorporated into phospholipids and the resulting polyunsaturated phospholipids are able to infiltrate lipid rafts as well as form non-raft domains (Williams et al, 2012).…”